Measurements of radon activity concentration in mouse tissues and organs

Ishimori, Yuu; Tanaka, Hiroshi; Sakoda, Akihiro; Kataoka, Takahiro; Yamaoka, Kunihiro; Mitsunobu, Fumihiro

doi:10.1007/s00411-017-0682-9

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In contrast, a-particles have a range of a few tens of mm and can only damage these organs if they decay inside them. Because the solubility of radon in tissues is relatively low (0.025-2 kBq/kg), 44,45 the contribution of band g-decays in the surrounding air to the dose in the kidney, heart, and liver is likely significantly larger than the dose contribution from a-decays inside these organs (see supplementary information, Appendix E3 for more details).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Radiation Doses From Radon Exposures Using a Mouse Model System

Mirsch

Hintz

Maier

et al. 2020

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

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Background: Radon and its progenies contribute significantly to the natural background radiation and cause several thousands of lung cancer cases per year worldwide. Moreover, patients with chronic inflammatory joint diseases are treated in radon galleries. Due to the complex nature of radon exposure, the doses associated with radon exposures are difficult to assess. Hence, there is a clear need to directly measure dose depositions from radon exposures to provide reliable risk estimates for radiation protection guidelines. Objectives: We aimed to assess tissue-specific radiation doses associated with radon activity concentrations, that deposit similar dose levels as the annual natural radon exposure or radon gallery visits. Methods: We exposed mice to defined radon concentrations, quantified the number of 53BP1 foci as a measure of induced DNA damage, and compared it with the number of foci induced by known doses of reference-type radiations. An image-based analysis of the 3-dimensional foci pattern provided information about the radiation type inflicting the DNA damage. Results: A 1-hour exposure to 440 kBq/m 3 radon-induced DNA damage corresponding to a dose of w10 mGy in the lung and w3.3 mGy in the kidney, heart, and liver. A 1-hour exposure to 44 kBq/m 3 provided values consistent with a linear relationship between dose and radon concentration. Two-thirds of the dose in the lung was caused by a-particles. The dose in the kidney, heart, and liver and one-third of the dose in the lung likely resulted from band grays. Discussion: We found that radon exposures mainly lead to a-particle-induced DNA damage in the lung, consistent with the lung cancer risk obtained in epidemiologic studies. Our presented biodosimetric approach can be used to benchmark risk model calculations for radiation protection guidelines and can help to understand the therapeutic success of radon gallery treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Radiation Doses From Radon Exposures Using a Mouse Model System

Mirsch

Hintz

Maier

et al. 2020

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

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“…Radon-rich water (about 2000-4000 Bq l −1 ) was first produced by circulating radonrich air (about 1 MBq m −3 ) through distilled water [11]. Using a water bath, the temperatures of the water and lipid samples were set to 20, 30, or 40 • C. Then, using a syringe and needle, 30 mL of radon-rich water was gently injected into the bottom of a 50-mL centrifuge tube, which contained 10 mL of lipid sample and 15 mL of radon-free air.…”

Section: Measurement Of Radon Partition Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon Solubility and Diffusion in the Skin Surface Layer

Sakoda

Ishida

Kanzaki

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In specific situations such as bathing in a radon spa, where the radon activity concentration in thermal water is far higher than that in air, it has been revealed that radon uptake via skin can occur and should be considered for more precise dose evaluation. The primary aim of the present study was to numerically demonstrate the distribution as well as the degree of diffusion of radon in the skin, with a focus on its surface layer (i.e., stratum corneum). We developed a biokinetic model that included diffusion theory at the stratum corneum, and measured radon solubility in that tissue layer as a crucial parameter. The implementation of the model suggested that the diffusion coefficient in the stratum corneum was as low as general radon-proof sheets. After a 20-min immersion in water, the simulated depth profile of radon in the skin showed that the radon activity concentration at the top surface skin layer was approximately 103 times higher than that at the viable skin layer. The information on the position of radon as a radiation source would contribute to special dose evaluation where specific target cell layers are assumed for the skin.

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“…2 Human and animal models have demonstrated that inhaled radon results in radon activity in blood, adipose tissue, and organs. [23][24][25] Radon gas is soluble in water, so inhaled radon progeny enters the bloodstream close to the airway and may cause leukemias through irradiation of T lymphocytes. Radon gas is also soluble in fat, so radon progeny reaches organs through proximity to adipose tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon and cancer mortality among underground uranium miners in the Příbram region of the Czech Republic

Kelly‐Reif

Sandler

Shore

et al. 2020

American J Industrial Med

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Background This study aims to estimate the association between radon and site‐specific cancer mortality among a large contemporary cohort of male uranium miners. Methods Annual occupational radon exposure was estimated based on a worker's duration of underground mining in a year and estimates of potential alpha energy of radon progeny in their location of work. Cancer mortality over the period 1977‐1992 was ascertained for a cohort of 16 434 male underground uranium miners employed in the Czech Republic between 1946 and 1992. Poisson regression was used to estimate relationships between cumulative radiation exposure (in working level months [WLM]) and site‐specific cancer mortality. Results Radon is positively associated with lung cancer mortality (excess relative rate [ERR] per 100 WLM = 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10, 0.37). The best fit of the dose‐response relationship between radon and lung cancer mortality was linear and estimates of radon‐lung cancer associations varied by windows of time‐since‐exposure. Positive associations between radon and several types of cancer other than lung cancer were identified, notably chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (ERR/100 WLM = 0.24; 95% CI: [not determined [ND], 5.10]) and extrathoracic cancer (ERR/100 WLM = 0.12; 95% CI: [ND, 0.69]). We observed no associations between radon and stomach cancer, nor between radon and several hematopoietic cancer subtypes. Conclusions This study confirms the established radon‐lung cancer association and suggests that radon may also be associated with other types of cancer mortality. Further investigations of extrathoracic and CLL cancer, with the aim of obtaining more precise estimates, are warranted to understand associations between radon and cancers other than lung.

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Measurements of radon activity concentration in mouse tissues and organs

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

An Assessment of Radiation Doses From Radon Exposures Using a Mouse Model System

An Assessment of Radiation Doses From Radon Exposures Using a Mouse Model System

Radon Solubility and Diffusion in the Skin Surface Layer

Radon and cancer mortality among underground uranium miners in the Příbram region of the Czech Republic

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