Measurements of Pressure Effects on PAH Distribution and 2D Soot Volume Fraction Diagnostics in a Laminar Non-premixed Coflow Flame

Bennett, Anthony; Amin, Hafiz M.F.; Cenker, Emre; Roberts, William L.

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b02179

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…However, necessity of optical access for using laser diagnostic at elevated pressure makes the experimental setup very complex and the diagnostic itself becomes quite challenging. Therefore, this area of research has not been given much attention and limited studies are available at elevated pressures in which effects of pressure on soot volume fraction and particle size have been studied (Hofmann et al, 2003, Thomson et al, 2005, Bennett et al, 2018, Joo et al, 2018. Bennett et al (2018) reported soot concentration profiles in coflow flames to a pressure of 16 bar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this area of research has not been given much attention and limited studies are available at elevated pressures in which effects of pressure on soot volume fraction and particle size have been studied (Hofmann et al, 2003, Thomson et al, 2005, Bennett et al, 2018, Joo et al, 2018. Bennett et al (2018) reported soot concentration profiles in coflow flames to a pressure of 16 bar. Diffuse light 2D line of sight attenuation (diffuse 2D-LOSA) and laser induced incandescence (LII) were used for investigating the influence of pressure on soot volume fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating Soot Parameters in an Ethane/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flame at Elevated Pressures

Amin

Roberts

2020

Combustion Science and Technology

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Soot emissions from diesel engines and gas turbines are influenced by the combustion environment. Pressure is one of the parameters which affects particulate emissions and these effects are poorly understood on soot parameters. In this work, pressurized counterflow diffusion flame of ethane and air has been investigated using two angle light scattering and extinction technique. A counterflow diffusion flame has been stabilized from 2 to 5 atm in a pressure vessel which can provide optical access from 10 to 165° in angular direction. Global strain rate (a) of 30 s-1 is maintained at all pressures by adjusting the inlet flows. Scattering measurements are performed at two angles (45° and 135°) and Rayleigh-Debye-Gans theory for Fractal Aggregates (RDG-FA) has been used to determine soot parameters from light scattering and extinction data. By combining the scattering at 135° with laser extinction measurements, path averaged soot volume fraction (fv), mean primary particle diameter (̅̅̅) and particle number densities (np), along the axis of the counterflow flame are calculated. Local soot volume fraction (fv,local) profiles are also measured using diffuse light 2D line of sight attenuation technique. Peak value of fv increases from 0.3 ppm to 8 ppm as the pressure is raised from 2 to 5 atm. Primary particle size (̅̅̅) also increases with pressure where peak primary particle size of 11 nm at 2 atm rises to 38 nm at 5 atm. Population average radius of gyration (Rg) increases with pressure while the number densities (np) of primary particles decrease due to coalescence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Soot Parameters in an Ethane/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flame at Elevated Pressures

Amin

Roberts

2020

Combustion Science and Technology

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“…CoFlame is capable of simulating different coflow laminar diffusion flames. for these simulations were ethylene, ethylene diluted with nitrogen, and ethane [15][16][17]. Further details about the burner dimensions, fuel and oxidizer mass flow rates, and numerical domains of these flames are addressed separately in subsequent chapters.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is noteworthy that this flame has not been chosen from one of the simulated flames in this thesis to ensure that this is as an unbiased example and any other flames can be selected. Further details about the flame and burner configuration or the dilution ratio are not the subjects of interest; however, they can be found in [16]. 18…”

Section: Parallelization Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Effect of Pressure on Soot Formation in Varying-Pressure Coflow Laminar Diffusion Flames

Mansouri¹

2022

Preprint

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Soot formation from combustion devices is a health and environmental concern. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of soot is a necessity; however, due to its complexity, it is poorly understood, especially with high-pressure combustion. In this thesis, a detailed numerical soot formation code, CoFlame, has been successfully utilized to model varying-pressure coflow laminar diffusion flames. The results of this thesis are divided into two sections; first, an investigation of the impact of a novel pressure-based reaction rate of acetylene addition in the Hydrogen- Abstraction-Carbon-Addition (HACA) mechanism on soot formation in varying pressure flames is addressed in chapter 4. Second, an assessment of the influence of pressure on the formation of recirculation zones along the centerline of the flame and the subsequent effect of the flow field on soot formation in elevated-pressure coflow diffusion flames is addressed in chapter 5.

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“…The sources of the soot producers are from inside and outside the room. The use of firewood as a fuel also produces considerable soot (5) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Soot Particulate towards MAPK Expression in the Mechanism of Cardiovascular System Disruption

Dodit Yutanto

2020

MLU

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Background: Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. An oxidative stress arising from particulate matter has been shown to activate a number of redox responsive signaling pathways in target cells. This pathway is involved in gene expression that plays a role in the response to inflammation and pathological changes including the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).Objective: To describe the effect of soot particulate exposure towards MAPK expression in the mechanism of cardiovascular disruption.Design: This research was an experimental research by using "post test only control group design" approach. Subjects:The experiment was conducted in laboratory female rats (Rattus novergicus) and consisted of 3 groups:Methods: Control group -exposed by soot particulate with the concentration of 532 mg/m3 an hour each day for 30 days, without soot particulate exposure-(n=10); Treatment 1 group (n=2); Treatment 2 group -exposed by soot particulate with the concentration of 1064 mg/m3 an hour each day for 30 days-(n=12). Results:The soot particulate significantly induced an increase in MAPK expression in the treatment 1 group (the number of immunoreactive cells: 51 (31-216) vs 2 (0-50), p=0.001; immunoreactive score (IRS) index: 2 (1-4) vs 1 (0-2), p=0.048) and in treatment 2 group (the number of immunoreactive cells: 73 (17-203) vs 2 (0-50), p=0.000; IRS: 2 (1-4) vs 1 (0-2), p=0.01) compared to control group. There was a significant increase in MAPK expression which was measured from the total number of immunoreactive cells in Treatment 1 (p=0.001) and Treatment 2 group (p=0.000) compared to Control group. Conclusion:The Exposure to soot particulates significantly increased MAPK expression in experimental rats.

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Measurements of Pressure Effects on PAH Distribution and 2D Soot Volume Fraction Diagnostics in a Laminar Non-premixed Coflow Flame

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Investigating Soot Parameters in an Ethane/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flame at Elevated Pressures

Investigating Soot Parameters in an Ethane/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flame at Elevated Pressures

Modelling the Effect of Pressure on Soot Formation in Varying-Pressure Coflow Laminar Diffusion Flames

The Effect of Soot Particulate towards MAPK Expression in the Mechanism of Cardiovascular System Disruption

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