Measurements of polarization mode couplings along polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fibers

Nakazawa, Masataka; Shibata, Nori; Tokuda, Masamitsu; Negishi, Y.

doi:10.1364/josaa.1.000285

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The modulation in this trace is due to the varying efficiency with which the partially (or totally) polarized backscatter signal from different locations along the fiber passes the analyzer. This technique has been used to measure polarization mode-coupling along a nominally polarization maintaining fiber at long wavelength [21], [22]. Fig.…”

Section: Flector Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later [36] the performance was improved to 27.5 dB, probably as a result of improved optics. The large dynamic range of this type of system has also been used to allow measurements of the small polarization mode coupling along a polarization maintaining fiber [21], [22] by the POTDR technique [2]. More recently, attention has focused on measurements at 1.55 pm using the Er3' laser.…”

Section: Dpe B Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of long wavelength single-mode optical fiber reflectometry techniques

Healey

1985

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Section: Flector Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dpe B Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of long wavelength single-mode optical fiber reflectometry techniques

Healey

1985

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…The OTDR technique has been found to be very useful for evaluating the polarization mode coupling that occurs locally along a polarization-maintaining fiber [12,13]. A schematic diagram of the MCF mode coupling measurement and the experimental results are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Space Division Multiplexing In Multi-core Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note that this technique also clarifies the nonuniformity of the mode coupling coefficient along the fiber caused by the structural irregularity of the fiber. Furthermore, the power ratio is proportional to the fiber length, with the slope given by twice the mode-coupling coefficient [12,13]. We can therefore obtain the modecoupling coefficient by taking the derivative of the power ratio, which is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Space Division Multiplexing In Multi-core Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Advanced Transmission with 3M Technologies (Multi-level Modulation, Multi-core & Multi-mode)

Nakazawa

2012

Optical Fiber Communication Conference

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We review the latest advances in "3M" technologies, i.e. multi-level modulation, multicore fibers (MCF), and mode-division multiplexing with MIMO. We describe our recent activities on coherent 1024-QAM and OTDM-RZ/QAM transmissions and mode-coupling measurement along MCF. OCIS codes: (060.2330) Fiber optics communications; (060.1660) Coherent communications IntroductionThe capacity of the optical communication infrastructure in backbone networks has increased a thousand-fold over the last twenty years, and this has been made possible by the development of the EDFA and WDM. Despite such rapid progress, information capacity is still growing at an annual rate of 40%, which means that in twenty years we will need Peta bit/s or even Exa bit/s optical communication. However, it is widely recognized that the maximum transmission capacity of a single strand of fiber is rapidly approaching its limit at ~100 Tbit/s owing to optical power limitations imposed by the fiber fuse phenomenon and the finite transmission bandwidth determined by optical amplifiers. To explore breakthrough technologies that will enable us to exceed these limits and achieve a giant leap, we launched a collaborative study group called EXAT (EXtremely Advanced Transmission) in Japan in 2008, and advocated the promotion of the three "M technologies", i.e., multi-level modulation format, multi-core fibers (MCF), and mode division multiplexing [1]. This has attracted considerable interest from researchers worldwide, and intensive efforts have been made to pursue these goals. As a result, a number of studies on the three M technologies have been reported simultaneously at recent conferences, and rapid and substantial progress has been made in these fields.In this paper, we describe recent challenges and efforts toward a hardware paradigm shift and overview the latest advances in these "multi" technologies with a focus on our recent activities on ultrafast and high-spectral-density transmissions, and mode-coupling measurement along MCF.

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“…In polarization maintaining fibers (PMFs), due to all kinds of intrinsic and extrinsic perturbations, one polarization mode may be coupled into the other orthogonal axis [1][2][3][4] , which is called distributed polarization coupling (DPC) phenomenon. High spatial resolution and wide dynamic range can be achieved in distributed measurement of polarization coupling by using white light interferometry (WLI) [5] , and a coupling point location accuracy of ±1.5 cm and a length resolution of 10 cm or better have been realized [6,7] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Tang

Jing

et al. 2008

Optoelectron. Lett.

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Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.

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Measurements of polarization mode couplings along polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fibers

Cited by 40 publications

References 12 publications

Review of long wavelength single-mode optical fiber reflectometry techniques

Review of long wavelength single-mode optical fiber reflectometry techniques

Extremely Advanced Transmission with 3M Technologies (Multi-level Modulation, Multi-core & Multi-mode)

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

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