Measurements of peripheral and deep body temperature in cattle – A review

Godyń, Dorota; Herbut, Piotr; Angrecka, Sabina

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.11.011

Cited by 83 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Gonzalez-Rivas et al [46] reported of a stronger relationship between rumen temperature and THI than between rectal temperature and THI in cattle maintained in a feedlot. In a review on measurements of peripheral and deep body temperature in cattle, Godyń et al [47] provided a number of references, indicating that the core body temperatures of cattle could be measured via the ear canal, rectum and the vagina. In general, when THIs exceed 72 it means that cows are experiencing HS [26], and therefore dairy cows in the present study experienced HS throughout the three summer months (December 2018-February 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress Impacts on Lactating Cows Grazing Australian Summer Pastures on an Automatic Robotic Dairy

Osei-Amponsah

Dunshea

Leury

et al. 2020

Animals

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The objective of this study was to measure the impacts of summer heat events on physiological parameters (body temperature, respiratory rate and panting scores), grazing behaviour and production parameters of lactating Holstein Friesian cows managed on an Automated Robotic Dairy during Australian summer. The severity of heat stress was measured using Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) and impacts of different THIs—low (≤72), moderate (73–82) and high (≥83)—on physiological responses and production performance were measured. There was a highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) effect of THI on respiratory rate (66.7, 84.7 and 109.1/min), panting scores (1.4, 1.9 and 2.3) and average body temperature of cows (38.4, 39.4 and 41.5 °C), which increased as THI increased from low to moderate to high over the summer. Average milk production parameters were also significantly (p ≤ 0.01) affected by THI, such that daily milk production dropped by 14% from low to high THI, milk temperature and fat% increased by 3%, whilst protein% increased by 2%. The lactation stage of cow had no significant effect on physiological parameters but affected (p ≤ 0.05) average daily milk yield and milk solids. Highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlations were obtained between THI and milk temperature, fat% and protein% whilst the reverse was observed between THI and milk yield, feed intake and rumination time. Under moderate and high THI, most cows sought shade, spent more time around watering points and showed signs of distress (excessive salivation and open mouth panting). In view of the expected future increase in the frequency and severity of heat events, additional strategies including selection and breeding for thermotolerance and dietary interventions to improve resilience of cows need to be pursued.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress Impacts on Lactating Cows Grazing Australian Summer Pastures on an Automatic Robotic Dairy

Osei-Amponsah

Dunshea

Leury

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Individual animal temperature monitoring is of vital importance in this context. Rectal temperature [22], deep body temperature measurements [23] like, vaginal temperature [24], skin implanted thermo-loggers [25], rumen temperature [26], infrared thermography [27], and milk temperature [18] are various methods used so far for thermal monitoring of cows. Likewise, the individual cow monitoring of panting score, studies have advised that wind speed and solar radiation should also be taken in account while assessing HS through THI scale [28].…”

Section: Heat Stress Assessment and Principals Of Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Physiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Cattle under the Influence of Heat Stress: Consequences and Opportunities

Sammad

Wang

Umer

et al. 2020

Animals

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Higher milk yield and prolificacy of the modern dairy cattle requires high metabolism activities to support them. It causes high heat production by the body, which coupled with increasing environmental temperatures results in heat stress (HS). Production, health, and welfare of modern cattle are severely jeopardized due to their low adaptability to hot conditions. Animal activates a variety of physiological, endocrine, and behavioral mechanisms to cope with HS. Traditionally, decreased feed intake is considered as the major factor towards negative energy balance (NEBAL) leading to a decline in milk production. However, reciprocal changes related to insulin; glucose metabolism; failure of adipose mobilization; and skeletal muscle metabolism have appeared to be the major culprits behind HS specific NEBAL. There exists high insulin activity and glucose become preferential energy fuel. Physiological biochemistry of the heat stressed cows is characterized by low-fat reserves derived NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids) response, despite high energy demands. Besides these, physiological and gut-associated changes and poor feeding practices can further compromise the welfare and production of the heat-stressed cows. Better understanding of HS specific nutritional physiology and metabolic biochemistry of the dairy cattle will primarily help to devise practical interventions in this context. Proper assessment of the HS in cattle and thereby applying relevant cooling measures at dairy seems to be the basic mitigation approach. Score of the nutritional strategies be applied in the eve of HS should target supporting physiological responses of abatement and fulfilling the deficiencies possessed, such as water and minerals. Second line of abatement constitutes proper feeding, which could augment metabolic activities and synergizes energy support. The third line of supplemental supports should be directed towards modulating the metabolic (propionates, thiazolidinediones, dietary buffers, probiotics, and fermentates) and antioxidant responses (vitamins). Comprehensive understanding of the energetic metabolism dynamics under the impact of incremental heat load and complete outlook of pros and cons of the dietary ameliorating substances together with the discovery of the newer relevant supplementations constitutes the future avenues in this context.

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“…The coping mechanisms to heat stress challenge and its effects on the metabolism of each animal are the result of multiple factors, including behavioral and physiological changes that the animals undergo to regulate body temperature as well as changes at the cellular level such as damage or interruption of cellular function caused by elevated body temperature (Kendall and Webster, 2009;Burfeind et al, 2012;Hansen, 2020).Therefore, when studying heat stress response, it is important to evaluate its effects in a multidimensional fashion (Hansen, 2020). Rectal temperature (RT) is the most common indicator of body temperature and has been widely used as a physiological indicator of heat stress (Godyń et al, 2019;Brito et al, 2020). Rectal temperature has been reported to have variable heritability in dairy cattle depending on the population, with estimates ranging from 0.11 to 0.17 (Mcmillan and Werf, 2007;Dikmen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analyses and biological validation of candidate genes for rectal temperature as an indicator of heat stress in Holstein cattle

Luo

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Heat stress is a major cause of welfare issues and economic losses to the worldwide dairy cattle industry. Genetic selection for heat tolerance has a great potential to positively affect the dairy industry, as the gains are permanent and cumulative over generations. Rectal temperature (RT) is hypothesized to be a good indicator trait of heat tolerance. Therefore, this study investigated the genetic architecture of RT by estimating genetic parameters, performing genome-wide association studies, and biologically validating potential candidate genes identified to be related to RT in Holstein cattle. A total of 33,013 RT records from 7,598 cows were used in this study. In addition, 1,114 cows were genotyped using the Illumina 150K Bovine BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Rectal temperature measurements taken in the morning (AMRT) and in the afternoon (PMRT) are moderately heritable traits, with estimates of 0.09 ± 0.02 and 0.04 ± 0.01, respectively. These 2 traits are also highly genetically correlated (r = 0.90 ± 0.08). A total of 10 SNPs (located on BTA3, BTA4, BTA8, BTA13, BTA14, and BTA29) were found to be significantly associated with AMRT and PMRT. Subsequently, gene expression analyses were performed to validate the key functional genes identified (SPAG17, FAM107B, TSNARE1, RALYL, and PHRF1). This was done through in vitro exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to different temperatures (37°C, 39°C, and 42°C). The relative mRNA expression of 2 genes, FAM107B and PHRF1, significantly changed between the control and heat stressed PBMC. In summary, RT is heritable, and enough genetic variability exists to enable genetic improvement of heat tolerance in Holstein cattle. Important genomic regions were identified and biologically validated; FAM107B and PHRF1 are the main candidate genes identified to influence heat stress response in dairy cattle.

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Measurements of peripheral and deep body temperature in cattle – A review

Cited by 83 publications

References 46 publications

Heat Stress Impacts on Lactating Cows Grazing Australian Summer Pastures on an Automatic Robotic Dairy

Heat Stress Impacts on Lactating Cows Grazing Australian Summer Pastures on an Automatic Robotic Dairy

Nutritional Physiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Cattle under the Influence of Heat Stress: Consequences and Opportunities

Genomic analyses and biological validation of candidate genes for rectal temperature as an indicator of heat stress in Holstein cattle

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