Measurements of nitrogen solubility in iron and iron-nickel alloys, using a new temperature gradient method

Feichtinger, Heinrich; Zheng, Xiaohong; Rennhard, C.A.P.

doi:10.1002/srin.199000291

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These h-BN layers (progressively lighter shade) look like triangular pyramids and often have the same vertex, as shown in Figure 2c. The solubilities of B and N in γ-Fe at 950 °C are around 0.11 at% 56 and 0.10 at% 46,57 (C solubility 6.2 at% 49 ) respectively. These values are relatively high if put in perspective with e.g.…”

Section: Developing An Understanding Of Oxidising and Carburising Catmentioning

confidence: 96%

Oxidising and carburising catalyst conditioning for the controlled growth and transfer of large crystal monolayer hexagonal boron nitride

et al. 2020

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Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is well-established as a requisite support, encapsulant and barrier for 2D material technologies, but also recently as an active material for applications ranging from hyperbolic metasurfaces to room temperature single-photon sources. Costeffective, scalable and high quality growth techniques for h-BN layers are critically required. We utilise widely-available iron foils for the catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of h-BN and report on the significant role of bulk dissolved species in h-BN CVD, and specifically, the balance between dissolved oxygen and carbon. A simple pre-growth conditioning step of the iron foils enables us to tailor an error-tolerant scalable CVD process to give exceptionally large h-BN monolayer domains. We also develop a facile method for the improved transfer of as-grown h-BN away from the iron surface by means of the controlled humidity oxidation and subsequent rapid etching of a thin interfacial iron oxide; thus, avoiding the impurities from the bulk of the foil. We demonstrate wafer-scale (2") production and utilise this h-BN as a protective layer for graphene towards integrated (opto-)electronic device fabrication.

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Section: Developing An Understanding Of Oxidising and Carburising Catmentioning

confidence: 96%

Oxidising and carburising catalyst conditioning for the controlled growth and transfer of large crystal monolayer hexagonal boron nitride

et al. 2020

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“…It also undergoes a significant phase change from an α-phase (BCC) to a γ-phase (FCC) at ≈911 °C, [228] adding to the complicated dynamics of how the transformation will affect facet dependent relations and newly grown h-BN layers upon cooling. [79] There are some differences in reported B and N solubility values in Fe at growth temperatures, for example, Babenko et al, [227] report solubility of B ≈ 0.11 at% [229] and N ≈ 0.10 at% in γ-Fe at 950 °C, [230,231] Caneva et al [79] report nitrogen uptake ≈0.6 at% based on in situ XRD when annealing Fe in NH 3 at ≈900 °C (XRD confirmed γ-phase Fe), and Kim et al, [223] note that maximum N solubility in Fe at 1000 °C reaches ≈8 at%. Despite such differences in reported literature values of solubility, both B and N are readily absorbed into the Fe bulk metal (contrary to, for example, Cu and Ni where N solubility is lower than B) and this adds significant complexity to h-BN growth, that is, the bulk diffusivity and precipitation of B and N must also be considered for h-BN growth.…”

Section: H-bn Growth On Iron (Fe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Scalable Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h‐BN) Synthesis for Present and Future Applications

Naclerio

Kidambi

2022

Advanced Materials

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Ga-N, In-P, etc. Crystalline BN has typically been perceived as a purely synthetic material, [1] however geological findings provide evidence of structures similar to BN in rocks. [2] BN exhibits several stable crystal forms (see Figure 1A), for example, i) sp 3 bonded cubic and wurtzite forms; and ii) sp 2 bonded hexagonal and rhombohedral forms. [3] The cubic BN (c-BN) form has "zincblende" type crystal structure consisting of overlapping fcc cubic lattices consisting of B and N atoms. The c-BN crystal structure is analogous to that of diamond. The wurtzite form of BN (w-BN) is also sp 3 bonded like c-BN, however the wurtzite form consists of a hexagonal lattice with each ring sitting in a boat configuration. The w-BN crystal structure is analogous to that of the rare lonsdaleite, a carbon allotrope formed from graphite under immense heat and pressure. [4] Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a layered hexagonal crystal (a = 2.505 Å and c = 6.653 Å) belonging to the P6 3 /mmc space group with a structure analogous to that of graphite. [11,12] Alternating B and N atoms are sp 2 bonded in-plane to form a hexagonal lattice and several such layers are stacked to form the bulk h-BN crystal (Figure 1B). [11,12] The BN sp 2 bonding results in strong in-plane σ bonds leading to high in-plane thermal conductivity, chemical stability and strength, while empty π orbitals make h-BN electrically insulating (bandgap ≈ 5.955 eV). [3,13] The in-plane BN bonds exhibit ionic behavior due to the stronger electronegativity of the N atoms and results in layer to layer interactions between h-BN layers leading to AA′ stacking configuration, that is, each N atom in one layer is directly above the B atoms of the next layer (Figure 1B). [14] In addition to AA′ stacking, AB stacking (Bernal stacking) has also been occasionally observed in thin h-BN films even though this is a higher energy configuration. [15,5] Finally, BN is also observed in rhombohedral form (r-BN). Each layer of r-BN is the same crystal structure as that of h-BN (Figure 1A), however r-BN follows an ABC stacking configuration whereby boron still sits atop nitrogen atoms, except layers are offset such that the 1 and 3 atoms (N and N for example) sit atop the 4 and 6 atoms (B and B in this example) of the ring below. [3] Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a layered inorganic synthetic crystal exhibiting high temperature stability and high thermal conductivity. As a ceramic material it has been widely used for thermal management, heat shielding, lubrication, and as a filler material for structural composites. Recent scientific advances in isolating atomically thin monolayers from layered van der Waals crystals to study their unique properties has propelled research interest in mono/few layered h-BN as a wide bandgap insulating support for nanoscale electronics, tunnel barriers, communications, neutron detectors, optics, sensing, novel separations, quantum emission from defects, among others. Realizing these futuristic applications hinges on scalable cost-effective high-qual...

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“…In equations (9) and (10), the comma separates components in the same sublattice and the colon separates those in different ones. Substituting…”

Section: Thermodynamic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solubility of nitrogen in austenitic iron-chromiummanganese alloys was measured on three alloys at 0.88 bar nitrogen by Zheng [8] in a temperature gradient furnace [9]. He also performed measurements on iron-chromium and iron-manganese alloys.…”

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confidence: 99%

Solubility of nitrogen in austenitic FeCrMn alloys

Kunze

Rothe

1994

Steel Research

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The equilibrium solubility of nitrogen in austenitic iron‐chromium, iron‐manganese, and iron‐chromium‐manganese alloys with mass up to 20 % Cr and 18 % Mn was measured in the temperature range 1273 to 1473 K. The following interaction parameters were obtained: Describing the effect of chromium and/or manganese on the nitrogen solubility by the excess term , the present measurements correspond satisfactorily to those of Hertzmann and Jarl and of Zheng in the system Fe‐Cr‐N, but they differ somewhat from values calculated by means of parameters published by Frisk. For the system Fe‐Mn‐N the present measurements correspond to measurements by Grabke et al. and to values calculated with parameters published by Qiu. Using parameters deduced from the present measurements in the austenitic Fe‐Cr‐Mn‐N system similar nitrogen solubilities were calculated as Zheng had measured, but small deviations were found between the analysis by Qiu and this investigation.

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Measurements of nitrogen solubility in iron and iron-nickel alloys, using a new temperature gradient method

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Oxidising and carburising catalyst conditioning for the controlled growth and transfer of large crystal monolayer hexagonal boron nitride

Oxidising and carburising catalyst conditioning for the controlled growth and transfer of large crystal monolayer hexagonal boron nitride

A Review of Scalable Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h‐BN) Synthesis for Present and Future Applications

Solubility of nitrogen in austenitic FeCrMn alloys

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