Measurements of Net Subsurface Heat Flux in Snow and Ice Media in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

Datt, Prem; Gusain, Hemendra Singh; Das, Rajiv Kumar

doi:10.1007/s12594-015-0352-y

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The annual mean values of subsurface heat conduction at the three stations were all within ±1 W m –2 (Table 2), which is small compared with the magnitude of the Antarctic turbulence heat and radiation fluxes. However, these values are similar to the results from Dronning Maud Land (–0.12±7.6 W m –2 , Datt and others, 2015) and Panda-1 stations (–0.5 W m –2 , Ding and others, 2020), which also had high-density wind-compacted snow. For Dronning Maud Land, Van den Broeke and others (2006) also presented subsurface heat flux calculations under different sky conditions during Julian days 296 to 51, in which the subsurface heat flux ranged from –2 W m –2 on the coastal ice shelf to –3 W m –2 on the interior plateau.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Subsurface heat conduction along the CHINARE traverse route, East Antarctica

et al. 2022

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Using data from three automatic weather stations (LGB69, Eagle and Dome A) from distinctly different climatological zones along the CHINARE (Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition) traverse route from Zhongshan Station to Dome A, we investigated the characteristics of meteorological conditions and subsurface heat conduction. Spatial analysis indicated decreasing trends in air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed from the coastal katabatic wind zone to the inland plateau region, and air temperatures clearly showed a strong daily variability in winter, suggesting the effect from the fluctuation in the Antarctic atmospheric system. We also analyzed the optimal response time of the 1 and 3 m depth snow temperatures to the 0.1 m depth snow temperature for each site under clear/overcast and day/night situations. This showed an important enhancement to the heat transfer from shortwave radiation penetration. Using an iterative optimization method, we estimated the subsurface heat conduction variations along the transect. This was ~3–5 W m–2. Multiple maxima in daily mean subsurface fluxes were found in winter, with a typical value above 2 W m–2, while a single minimum value under –2 W m–2 was found in summer. On an annual scale, a larger mean loss of subsurface heat conduction was observed in the inland plateau compared to in the coastal katabatic area. Finally, we discussed the possible influences of turbulent and radiant transport on the vertical heat response and confirmed the wind enhancement on the growth of thermal conductivity. This preliminary study provides a brief perspective and an important reference for studying subsurface heat conduction in inland areas of Antarctica.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Subsurface heat conduction along the CHINARE traverse route, East Antarctica

et al. 2022

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“…Some similar measurements have been made using water ice. Studies using naturally occurring Antarctic sea ice include those made by Brandt and Warren (1996), Perovich (), and Datt et al (), focusing on the implications for thermal profiles and subsurface heating on Earth. Others have more of a focus on icy bodies in space, ranging from comets to icy moons to the polar regions of Mars, including Kömle et al () and Kaufmann, Kömle, and Kargl ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Penetration of Solar Radiation Into Carbon Dioxide Ice

2018

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Icy surfaces behave differently to rocky or regolith‐covered surfaces in response to irradiation. A key factor is the ability of visible light to penetrate partially into the subsurface. This results in the solid‐state greenhouse effect, as ices can be transparent or translucent to visible and shorter wavelengths, while opaque in the infrared. This can lead to significant differences in shallow subsurface temperature profiles when compared to rocky surfaces. Of particular significance for modeling the solid‐state greenhouse effect is the e‐folding scale, otherwise known as the absorption scale length, or penetration depth, of the ice. While there have been measurements for water ice and snow, pure and with mixtures, to date, there have been no such measurements published for carbon dioxide ice. After an extensive series of measurements we are able to constrain the e‐folding scale of CO2 ice for the cumulative wavelength range 300 to 1,100 nm, which is a vital parameter in heat transfer models for the Martian surface, enabling us to better understand surface‐atmosphere interactions at Mars' polar caps.

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“…Measurements of light penetration in water ices have been undertaken in the past, but these have used naturally occurring Antarctic snow and sea ice with all associated contaminants (e.g. Beaglehole et al, 1998; Brandt & Warren, 1993; Datt et al, 2015; Perovich, 1996), impure snow (Kaufmann & Hagermann, 2015), or the measurements were made using narrower wavelength ranges, such as France et al (2010). Fewer previous works have investigated light penetration in CO 2 ice, but those published have also suffered from contaminants (Egan & Spagnolo, 1969) and used samples of only micrometer to several millimeters in size (Hudgins et al, 1993; Quirico & Schmitt, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Penetration of Solar Radiation Into Granular Carbon Dioxide and Water Ices of Varying Grain Sizes on Mars

2020

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The penetration depth of broad spectrum solar irradiation over the wavelength range 300-1,100 nm has been experimentally measured for water and carbon dioxide ices of different grain size ranges. Both of these ice compositions are found on the surface of Mars and have been observed as surface frosts, snow deposits, and ice sheets. The e-folding scale of snow and slab ice has been previously measured, but understanding the behavior between these end-member states is important for modeling the thermal behavior and surface processes associated with ice deposits on Mars, such as grain growth and slab formation via sintering, and carbon dioxide jetting leading to the formation of araneiforms. We find the penetration depth increases in a predictable way with grain size, and an empirical model is given to fit these data, varying with both ice composition and grain size.Plain Language Summary Most water on Mars exists as ice, both on the polar caps and in the subsurface (like permafrost on Earth). Temperatures fall low enough for carbon dioxide to also freeze. Carbon dioxide is the main constituent of Mars' seasonal polar caps. During spring, the increased sunlight results in warming within and sometimes below the ice, resulting in a "Solid-State Greenhouse Effect." This internal heating can cause the ice sheets to break up. Understanding this process requires quantifying the amount of sunlight transmitted through samples of water and carbon dioxide ice. In this paper, we have combined new and previous measurements to achieve an empirical model that predicts the penetration depth of sunlight as a function of the grain size and ice composition. This model may be used to aid the understanding of unusual ice-related features observed on the surface of Mars.

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Measurements of Net Subsurface Heat Flux in Snow and Ice Media in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Subsurface heat conduction along the CHINARE traverse route, East Antarctica

Subsurface heat conduction along the CHINARE traverse route, East Antarctica

The Penetration of Solar Radiation Into Carbon Dioxide Ice

The Penetration of Solar Radiation Into Granular Carbon Dioxide and Water Ices of Varying Grain Sizes on Mars

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