Measurements of indoor and outdoor nitrogen dioxide concentrations using a diffusive sampler

Hagenbjörk-Gustafsson, Annika; Forsberg, Bertil; Hestvik, G.; Karlsson, Doris; Wahlberg, Sonny; Sandström, Thomas

doi:10.1039/an9962101261

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Most pollutants, such as NO 2 and fine particles, penetrate indoors. The indoor/outdoor ratio for NO 2 in Umeå was 0.4-0.7 [28]. A certain amount of uncertainty exists when using indicators to compare cities or areas because different amounts and patterns of traffic may affect the pollution mix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle exhaust outside the home and onset of asthma among adults

Modig

Torén²,

Janson³

et al. 2009

European Respiratory Journal

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Few studies have investigated the relationship between vehicle exhaust and the new onset of asthma among adults. The aim of the present prospective cohort study was to investigate the relationship between the cumulative incidence of asthma and onset of asthma among adults and vehicle exhaust concentrations at home.Participants from three Swedish cities included in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe cohort constituted the study population. Exposure at each participant's home was calculated using dispersion models. We also used ,50 m distance to nearest major road as a more simple indicator of exposure. The adjusted model included 3,609 participants, of which 107 were classified as onset cases and 55 as true incident cases of asthma.There was a positive association between asthma onset (odds ratio (OR) per 10 mg?m -3 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.99) and incident asthma (OR per 10 mg?m -3 1.54, 95% CI 1.00-2.36) and the levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), which remained statistically significant after adjusting for potential confounders. The relationship between asthma and NO 2 was not significantly modified by sex, hay fever or wheeze. The risk of developing asthma was also significantly related to living close to a major road. The current study suggests that elevated levels of vehicle exhaust outside the home increase the risk of onset and incident asthma among adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle exhaust outside the home and onset of asthma among adults

Modig

Torén²,

Janson³

et al. 2009

European Respiratory Journal

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“…The sampler was placed 2.5 m from the ground and 0.5 m out from the facade on the side of the house least exposed to traffic. The samplers were analysed at Umeå University (Umeå , Sweden) [24]. Due to the lack of capacity, it was not possible to measure NO 2 for all pairs.…”

Section: Measurement Of Nitrogen Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle exhaust exposure in an incident case-control study of adult asthma

Modig

Järvholm²,

Rönnmark³

et al. 2006

European Respiratory Journal

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The objective of this case-control study was to evaluate whether traffic-related air pollution exposure at home increases the risk of asthma in adults and to compare two commonly used exposure variables and differences between urban and rural living.Incident cases of asthma and matched controls of subjects aged 20-60 yrs were recruited in Luleå, Sweden. In total 203 cases and 203 controls were enrolled in the study. Exposure was estimated by traffic flow and measured levels of outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in the surrounding environment of each home, respectively. The relationship between measured levels of NO 2 and traffic flow was studied using linear regression.The results indicated a nonsignificant tendency between living in a home close to a high traffic flow and an increased risk of asthma. The association between asthma and measured NO 2 was weak and not significant, but the skin-prick test result acted as an effect modifier with a borderline significant association among positives. The correlation between traffic flow and outdoor NO 2 was low.The results suggest that living close to high traffic flows might increase the asthma incidence in adults, while the tendency for nitrogen dioxide was only seen among atopics. Traffic flow and nitrogen dioxide had a lower than expected correlation.

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“…Research has shown that the mean concentration of NO 2 in kitchens with a gas stove varied between 26 parts per billion (ppb) and 112 ppb [20,21], while this was 18 ppb in kitchens equipped with electric stoves [20]. Median NO 2 concentrations in living rooms were 5.8 ppb in Ashford (United Kingdom), 6.1 ppb in Minorca (Spain), 23.8 in Barcelona (Spain) [22] and 11 μg/m 3 (5.8 ppb) in Umea (Sweden) [23]. In low income homes of USA, mean concentrations of NO 2 were found to be 43 ppb and 36 ppb in kitchens and living rooms, respectively [24] and 30 ppb in children's bedroom [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of variation for indoor nitrogen dioxide in rural residences of Ethiopia

et al. 2009

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BackgroundUnprocessed biomass fuel is the primary source of indoor air pollution (IAP) in developing countries. The use of biomass fuel has been linked with acute respiratory infections. This study assesses sources of variations associated with the level of indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2).Materials and methodsThis study examines household factors affecting the level of indoor pollution by measuring NO2. Repeated measurements of NO2 were made using a passive diffusive sampler. A Saltzman colorimetric method using a spectrometer calibrated at 540 nm was employed to analyze the mass of NO2 on the collection filter that was then subjected to a mass transfer equation to calculate the level of NO2 for the 24 hours of sampling duration. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on fuel use characteristics. Data entry and cleaning was done in EPI INFO version 6.04, while data was analyzed using SPSS version 15.0. Analysis of variance, multiple linear regression and linear mixed model were used to isolate determining factors contributing to the variation of NO2 concentration.ResultsA total of 17,215 air samples were fully analyzed during the study period. Wood and crop were principal source of household energy. Biomass fuel characteristics were strongly related to indoor NO2 concentration in one-way analysis of variance. There was variation in repeated measurements of indoor NO2 over time. In a linear mixed model regression analysis, highland setting, wet season, cooking, use of fire events at least twice a day, frequency of cooked food items, and interaction between ecology and season were predictors of indoor NO2 concentration. The volume of the housing unit and the presence of kitchen showed little relevance in the level of NO2 concentration.ConclusionAgro-ecology, season, purpose of fire events, frequency of fire activities, frequency of cooking and physical conditions of housing are predictors of NO2 concentration. Improved kitchen conditions and ventilation are highly recommended.

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Measurements of indoor and outdoor nitrogen dioxide concentrations using a diffusive sampler

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Vehicle exhaust outside the home and onset of asthma among adults

Vehicle exhaust outside the home and onset of asthma among adults

Vehicle exhaust exposure in an incident case-control study of adult asthma

Sources of variation for indoor nitrogen dioxide in rural residences of Ethiopia

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