Measurements of Higher Order Flow Harmonics in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi></mml:math>Collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>200</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>GeV</mml:mi></mml:math>

Adare, A.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Akiba, Y.; Al-Bataineh, H.; Alexander, J.; Aoki, Kazuo; Aramaki, Y.; Atomssa, E. T.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Azmoun, B.; Babintsev, V.; Bai, Mei; Baksay, G.; Baksay, L.; Barish, K. N.; Bassalleck, B.; Basye, A.; Bathe, S.; Baublis, V.; Baumann, C.; Bazilevsky, A.; Беликов, С.; Belmont, R.; Bennett, R.; Berdnikov, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Bickley, A. A.; Bok, Jeongsu; Boyle, K.; Brooks, M. L.; Buesching, H.; Bumazhnov, V.; Bunce, G.; Butsyk, S.; Camacho, C. Muñoz; Campbell, S.; Chen, C. H.; Y., C.; Chiu, M.; Choi, I. J.; Choudhury, R. K.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chung, P.; Chvála, O.; Cianciolo, V.; Citron, Z. H.; Cole, B.; Connors, M.; Constantin, P.; Csanád, M.; Csörgő, T.; Dahms, T.; Dairaku, S.; Danchev, I.; Das, K.; Datta, A.; David, G.; Denisov, A.; Deshpande, A.; Desmond, E. J.; Dietzsch, O.; Dion, A.; Donadelli, M.; Drapier, O.; Drees, A.; Drees, K. A.; Durham, J. M.; Durum, A.; Dutta, D.; Edwards, S.; Efremenko, Y. V.; Ellinghaus, F.; Engelmore, T.; Enokizono, A.; En’yo, H.; Esumi, S.; Fadem, B.; Fields, D. E.; Finger, M.; Fleuret, F.; Fokin, S.; Fraenkel, Z.; Frantz, J. E.; Franz, A.; Frawley, A. D.; Fujiwara, K.; Fukao, Y.; Fusayasu, T.; Garishvili, I.; Glenn, A.; Gong, H.; Gonin, M.; Goto, Y.; Cassagnac, R. Granier de; Grau, N.; Greene, S.; Perdekamp, M. Grosse; Gunji, T.; Gustafsson, H.-Å.; Haggerty, J. S.; Hahn, K. I.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamblen, J.; Han, R.; Hanks, J.; Hartouni, E. P.; Haslum, E.; Hayano, R.; He, X.; Heffner, M.; Hemmick, T. K.; Hester, T.; Hill, J. C.; Hohlmann, M.; Holzmann, W.; Homma, K.; Hong, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hornback, D.; Huang, S.; Ichihara, T.; Ichimiya, R.; Ide, J.; Ikeda, Y.; Imai, K.; Inaba, M.; Isenhower, D.; Ishihara, M.; Isobe, T.; Issah, M.; Isupov, A.; Ivanischev, D.; Jacak, B.; Jia, J.; Jin, J.; Johnson, B. M.; Joo, K. S.; Jouan, D.; Jumper, D. S.; Kajihara, F.; Kametani, S.; Kamihara, N.; Kamin, J.; Kang, J. H.; Kapustinsky, J.; Karatsu, K.; Kawall, D.; Kawashima, M.; Kazantsev, A. V.; Kempel, T.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kijima, K. M.; Kim, B. I.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, E.; Kim, E. J.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, Y. J.; Kinney, E.; Kiriluk, K.; Kiss, Á.; Kistenev, E.; Kochenda, L.; Komkov, B.; Konno, M.; Koster, J.; Kotchetkov, D.; Kozlov, A.; Král, A.; Kravitz, A.; Kunde, G. J.; Kurita, K.; Kurosawa, M.; Kwon, Y.; Kyle, G. S.; Lacey, R.; Lai, Yue Shi; Lajoie, J. G.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, D. M.; Lee, J.; Lee, K.; Lee, K. B.; Leitch, M. J.; Leite, M. A. L.; Leitner, E.; Lenzi, B.; Li, X.; Liebing, P.; Levy, L. A. Linden; Liška, T.; Litvinenko, A.; Liu, H.; Liu, M. X.; Love, B.; Luechtenborg, R.; Lynch, D.; Maguire, C.; Makdisi, Y. I.; Malakhov, A.; Malik, M. D.; Manko, V.; Mannel, E.; Mao, Y.; Masui, H.; Matathias, F.; McCumber, M.; McGaughey, P. L.; Means, N.; Meredith, B.; Miake, Y.; Mignerey, A. C.; Mikeš, P.; Miki, K.; Milov, A.; Mishra, M.; Mitchell, J. T.; Mohanty, A. 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R.; Watanabe, Daisuke; Watanabe, K.; Watanabe, Y.; Wei, F.; Wei, R.; Wessels, J. P.; White, S.; Winter, D.; Wood, J.; Woody, C. L.; Wright, R. M.; Wysocki, M.; Xie, W.; Yamaguchi, Yoshio; Yamaura, K.; Yang, R.; Yanovich, A.; Ying, J.; Yokkaichi, S.; Zhou, You; Young, G. R.; Younus, I.; Yushmanov, I. E.; Zajc, W. A.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, S.; Zolin, L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.252301

Cited by 285 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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124

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“…Figure 11 compares our v 3 {TPC} results from Fig. 7 with those from PHENIX [41]. The PHENIX results are shown for |η| 0.35, while for STAR the η acceptance was |η| 1.0.…”

Section: E Four-particle Cumulantsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Third harmonic flow of charged particles in Au+Au collisions atsNN=200 GeV

Adamczyk¹,

Adkins²,

Agakishiev³

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. C

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131

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We report measurements of the third harmonic coefficient of the azimuthal anisotropy, v 3 , known as triangular flow. The analysis is for charged particles in Au + Au collisions at √ s NN = 200 GeV, based on data from the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Two-particle correlations as a function of their pseudorapidity separation are fit with narrow and wide Gaussians. Measurements of triangular flow are extracted from the wide Gaussian, from two-particle cumulants with a pseudorapidity gap, and also from event plane analysis methods with a large pseudorapidity gap between the particles and the event plane. These results are 014904-2 THIRD HARMONIC FLOW OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN . . . 88, 014904 (2013) reported as a function of transverse momentum and centrality. A large dependence on the pseudorapidity gap is found. Results are compared with other experiments and model calculations. PHYSICAL REVIEW C

show abstract

“…Figure 11 compares our v 3 {TPC} results from Fig. 7 with those from PHENIX [41]. The PHENIX results are shown for |η| 0.35, while for STAR the η acceptance was |η| 1.0.…”

Section: E Four-particle Cumulantsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Third harmonic flow of charged particles in Au+Au collisions atsNN=200 GeV

Adamczyk¹,

Adkins²,

Agakishiev³

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. C

Self Cite

131

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show abstract

“…Such fluctuations result in fluctuations of elliptic flow [4] and in new types of flow, such as triangular flow [5] and higher harmonics. These new flow observables have been recently measured at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) [6,7] and the Large Hadron Collider [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Significant progress has been made recently by simultaneously comparing to several of the newly measured flow observables. With this approach, hydrodynamic calculations can be used to rule out a particular model of initial conditions if results do not match experimental data [6,27,28]. But it does not tell us why a particular model fails.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions

et al. 2012

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We investigate how the initial geometry of a heavy-ion collision is transformed into final flow observables by solving event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics with realistic fluctuating initial conditions. We study quantitatively to what extent anisotropic flow (v n ) is determined by the initial eccentricity ε n for a set of realistic simulations, and we discuss which definition of ε n gives the best estimator of v n . We find that the common practice of using an r 2 weight in the definition of ε n in general results in a poorer predictor of v n than when using r n weight, for n > 2. We similarly study the importance of additional properties of the initial state. For example, we show that in order to correctly predict v 4 and v 5 for noncentral collisions, one must take into account nonlinear terms proportional to ε 2 2 and ε 2 ε 3 , respectively. We find that it makes no difference whether one calculates the eccentricities over a range of rapidity or in a single slice at z = 0, nor is it important whether one uses an energy or entropy density weight. This knowledge will be important for making a more direct link between experimental observables and hydrodynamic initial conditions, the latter being poorly constrained at present.

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“…In recent years, data from ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider [1][2][3][4] and at BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider [5][6][7] have been understood as giving strong support to a dynamical picture according to which the produced soft hadronic distributions in transverse momentum, azimuthal orientation, centrality, and particle species are determined by the fluid dynamic response to fluctuating initial conditions [8][9][10][11][12]. A detailed dynamical exploration of this picture has the potential of addressing central questions in the study of hot and dense QCD matter with nucleus-nucleus collisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of initial fluctuations for the hydrodynamical description of heavy ion collisions

Floerchinger

Wiedemann

2013

Phys. Rev. C

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Event-by-event fluctuations in the initial conditions for a hydrodynamical description of heavy ion collisions are characterized. We propose a Bessel-Fourier decomposition with respect to the azimuthal angle, the radius in the transverse plane, and rapidity. This allows for a complete characterization of fluctuations in all hydrodynamical fields including energy density, pressure, fluid velocity, shear stress, and bulk viscous pressure. It has the advantage that fluctuations can be ordered with respect to their wavelength and that they can be propagated mode by mode within the hydrodynamical formalism. Event ensembles can then be characterized in terms of a functional probability distribution. For the event ensemble of a Monte Carlo Glauber model, we provide evidence that the latter is close to Gaussian form, thus allowing for a particularly simple characterization of the event distribution.

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Measurements of Higher Order Flow Harmonics inAu+AuCollisions atsNN=200 GeV

Cited by 285 publications

References 46 publications

Third harmonic flow of charged particles in Au+Au collisions atsNN=200 GeV

Third harmonic flow of charged particles in Au+Au collisions atsNN=200 GeV

Mapping the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions

Characterization of initial fluctuations for the hydrodynamical description of heavy ion collisions

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