We present high-resolution numerical investigations of heat transport by two-dimensional (2D) turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) convection over the Rayleigh number range 10 8
Ra 1010 and the Prandtl number range 0.7 P r 10. We find that there exist strong counter-gradient local heat flux with magnitude much larger than the global Nusselt number N u of the system. Two mechanisms for generating counter-gradient heat transport are identified: one is due to the bulk dynamics and the other is due to the competitions between the corner-flow rolls and the large-scale circulation (LSC). While the magnitude of the former is found to increase with increasing Prandtl number, that of the latter maximizes at medium P r. We further reveal that the corner-LSC competitions lead to the anomalous N u-P r relation in 2D RB convection, i.e. N u(P r) minimizes, rather than maximizes as in three-dimensional cylindrical case, at P r ≈ 2 ∼ 3 for moderate Ra.