Measurements of heat transfer to supercritical helium in vertical tubes under forced and mixed convection conditions

Bogachev, V. A.; Yeroshenko, V.M.; Snyitina, O.F.; Yaskin, L.A.

doi:10.1016/0011-2275(85)90136-5

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, the results for other supercritical fluids can also shed light on this topic. V. A. Bogachev et al [2] studied the upward and downward flow of supercritical helium, and found that there was one or two wall temperature peaks for upward flow, while not for downward flow, which could be attributed to the influence of the buoyancy force. Recent requirements for the environment-friendly refrigeration called for the understanding of the flow and heat transfer mechanism of supercritical CO 2 , which therefore stimulated a lot of investigation on this topic [3e7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical nitrogen in a vertical mini-tube

Zhang

Huang

Shen

et al. 2011

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical nitrogen in a vertical mini-tube

Zhang

Huang

Shen

et al. 2011

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

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“…2(a) and 2(b) are the comparisons of the numerical results of the wall temperature to the experimental results of Bogachev et al [4] for both upward flow and downward flow in mini-tubes. As can be seen from the figures, the influence of the buoyancy force due to the gravity is very evident in the case of the upward flow of SHe when the heat flux is 799 and the length of the heating section is about 410.0 mm.…”

Section: A Vertically Flowmentioning

confidence: 96%

Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Helium for Magnet Cooling

Zhang¹,

Huang²,

Wang³

2010

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Supercritical Helium (SHe) is frequently used for the large-scale magnet cooling in many applications. In the present study, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of SHe in the minitubes of about 1.0-2.0 mm in diameters are numerically investigated to provide the useful information for the design of the cooling configuration of Cable-in-Conduits Conductors (CICCs) and the related. And a simplified equivalent model is also proposed to estimate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of SHe in the complicated configuration of CICCs.

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“…The variation of density and Prandtl number at various pressures (isobars) has been shown in Figure 7 based on the NIST fluid properties data for helium. The various heat transfer studies for supercritical helium heat transfer have been carried out [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ] for the internal flow and most of the correlations were suggested based on the Dittus Boelter correlation as given in a general form in Eq. (5) .…”

Section: Cryogenic Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer In Fusion Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Forced flow cryogenic cooling in fusion devices: A review

Vaghela

Lakhera

Sarkar

2021

Heliyon

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The constantly increasing energy consumption along with the depleting fossil fuel resources as well as owing to the fact that the nuclear fission not being an intrinsically safe method of energy generation, it has become necessary to look for other solutions to fulfil the future energy demands. Nuclear fusion, the source of energy for billions of stars, has attracted the attention of scientists and engineers despite a lot of technical challenges in the replication of the fusion process in laboratories. For fusion to take place in a device, one of the major challenges faced is the strong magnetic confinement of the plasma using large superconducting (SC) magnets, which need efficient cryogenic cooling techniques to maintain the required low temperatures for the superconducting state. In order to maintain the compactness, the SC magnets generally employ Cable in Conduit Conductor (CICC) windings, carrying high current densities, which are cooled by the forced flow of helium at ~4 K temperature to maintain the required superconducting temperatures. The construction of CICC aims to maintain the superconductivity state by optimization of various parameters such as thermal stability, the ratio of normal conductor to SC material, mechanical strength, low hydraulic impedance, current density, magnetic field, etc. The cryogenic thermal stability of the CICC is of prime importance for safe, stable and reliable operation of SC magnets. The prediction of thermal and hydraulic behavior of the CICC in large SC magnets is difficult due to the complex geometry involved, the variation in fluid properties, various heat in-flux incidences over the long length of CICC and a complex heat transport phenomenon. Another application which utilizes a forced flow cryogenic cooling in the fusion devices is a cryo-adsorption pump for creating clean and high vacuum with large pumping speed. This paper presents an overview of the forced flow cryogenic cooling schemes in fusion devices along with a systematic review of the thermal and hydraulic studies related to CICC and cryo-adsorption pump, thereby highlighting the challenges and opportunities for further improvement in their design and performance.

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Measurements of heat transfer to supercritical helium in vertical tubes under forced and mixed convection conditions

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical nitrogen in a vertical mini-tube

Flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical nitrogen in a vertical mini-tube

Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Helium for Magnet Cooling

Forced flow cryogenic cooling in fusion devices: A review

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