Measurements of formaldehyde at the U.S.–Mexico border during the Cal-Mex 2010 air quality study

Zheng, Jun; Zhang, Renyi; Garzón, Jessica P.; Huertas, María E.; Levy, Misti; Ma, Yan; Torres‐Jardón, Ricardo; Ruíz-Suárez, L. G.; Russell, Lynn M.; Takahama, Satoshi; Tan, Haobo; Li, Guohui; Molina, Luisa T.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.041

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…7. The temporal variations of HCHO in this work also differed distinctly from that observed at the Tijuana site during the Cal-Mex 2010 campaign (Zheng et al, 2013b). Although both sites were located in the vicinity of industrial zones, the type of industry in Tijuana was dominated by electronic industries, which normally utilize large quantities of organic solvents (such as methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate) for electronic parts cleaning during lithography processing (Zheng et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Overall Observation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…This water dependency has been investigated in details previously and the sensitivity dependence on water in HCHO detection can be evaluated as the following (Inomata et al, 2008;Jobson and McCoskey, 2010;Schripp et al, 2010;Warneke et al, 2011;Wisthaler et al, 2008;Zheng et al, 2013b):…”

Section: Hcho Measurement With Ptr-id-cimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ambient air was delivered to the PTR-ID-CIMS through the 6 m long sample line and a diaphragm pump was used to pump the inlet at 10 standard L min −1 (SLPM) and thus to minimize the sample residence time no more than 1 s. The inlet was also heated to ∼ 60 • C to reduce potential wall losses. Using an automatic PTFE threeway valve, background checks were conducted once every 30 min for 10 min by rerouting sample air through a 350 • C Pt catalytic converter (Zheng et al, 2013b(Zheng et al, , 2015a. Figure 2 is a typical mass spectrum generated by the PTR-ID-CIMS after scanning the laboratory air by unit mass.…”

Section: Ptr-id-cimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various source apportionment methods have been successfully utilized to identify primary and secondary HCHO sources Garcia et al, 2006;Li et al, 2014;Olaguer et al, 2013;Parrish et al, 2012;Zheng et al, 2013b). Due to the lack of carbonyl emission inventories, particularly in China, it is impractical to directly estimate HCHO emissions using emission factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of formaldehyde emissions from an industrial zone in the Yangtze River Delta region of China using a proton transfer reaction ion-drift chemical ionization mass spectrometer

Diao

Zhang

et al. 2016

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. A proton transfer reaction ion-drift chemical ionization mass spectrometer (PTR-ID-CIMS) equipped with a hydronium (H + 3 O) ion source was developed and deployed near an industrial zone in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China in spring 2015 to investigate industryrelated emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Air pollutants including formaldehyde (HCHO), aromatics, and other trace gases (O 3 and CO) were simultaneously measured. Humidity effects on the sensitivity of the PTR-ID-CIMS for HCHO detection were investigated and quantified. The performances of the PTR-ID-CIMS were also validated by intercomparing with offline HCHO measurement technique using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNPH) cartridges and the results showed fairly good agreement (slope = 0.81, R 2 = 0.80). The PTR-ID-CIMS detection limit of HCHO (10 s, three-duty-cycle averages) was determined to be 0.9-2.4 (RH = 1-81.5 %) parts per billion by volume (ppbv) based on 3 times the standard deviations of the background signals. During the field study, observed HCHO concentrations ranged between 1.8 and 12.8 ppbv with a campaign average of 4.1 ± 1.6 ppbv, which was comparable with previous HCHO observations in other similar locations of China. However, HCHO diurnal profiles showed few features of secondary formation. In addition, time series of both HCHO and aromatic VOCs indicated strong influence from local emissions. Using a multiple linear regression fit model, on average the observed HCHO can be attributed to secondary formation (13.8 %), background level (27.0 %), and industryrelated emissions, i.e., combustion sources (43.2 %) and chemical productions (16.0 %). Moreover, within the plumes the industry-related emissions can account for up to 69.2 % of the observed HCHO. This work has provided direct evidence of strong primary emissions of HCHO from industryrelated activities. These primary HCHO sources can potentially have a strong impact on local and regional air pollution formation in this area of China. Given the fact that the YRD is the largest economic zone in China and is dense with petrochemical industries, primary industrial HCHO emissions should be strictly monitored and regulated.

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Section: Overall Observation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 45%

Section: Hcho Measurement With Ptr-id-cimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ptr-id-cimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of formaldehyde emissions from an industrial zone in the Yangtze River Delta region of China using a proton transfer reaction ion-drift chemical ionization mass spectrometer

Diao

Zhang

et al. 2016

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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“…The diurnal patterns of HCHO are similar to those of O 3 (Figure b) during the different seasons, indicating the large contribution of secondary production during the day, especially in summer and autumn. Such behavior has also been found in Beijing (Chen et al, ), the Mexico‐California border region (Zheng et al, ), New York City (Lin et al, ), and Rome (Possanzini et al, , ). The typical urban diurnal profiles of NO x (Figure c) are quite different from that of HCHO and reveal significant peaks in the concentration at approximately 07:00–09:00 LT, which decrease to the lowest value at 13:00–15:00 LT and rebound to a high value until midnight, which is attributed to the combined influence of the planetary boundary layer and vehicle exhaust.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Sources and Potential Photochemical Roles of Formaldehyde in an Urban Atmosphere in South China

et al. 2017

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Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important intermediate in tropospheric photochemistry. However, study of its evolution characteristics under heavy pollution conditions in China is limited, especially for high temporal resolutions, making it difficult to analyze its sources and environmental impacts. In this study, ambient levels of HCHO were monitored using a proton‐transfer reaction mass spectrometer at an urban site in the Pearl River Delta of China. Continuous monitoring campaigns were conducted in the spring, summer, fall, and winter in 2016. The highest averaged HCHO concentrations were observed in autumn (5.1 ± 3.1 ppbv) and summer (5.0 ± 4.4 ppbv), followed by winter (4.2 ± 2.2 ppbv) and spring (3.4 ± 1.6 ppbv). The daily maximum of HCHO occurs in the early afternoon and shows good correlations with O3 and the secondary organic aerosol tracer during the day, revealing close relationships between ambient HCHO and secondary formations in Shenzhen, especially in summer and autumn. The daytime HCHO is estimated to be the major contributor to O3 formation and OH radical production, indicating that HCHO plays a key role in the urban atmospheric photochemical reactions. Anthropogenic secondary formation was calculated to be the dominant source of HCHO using a photochemical age‐based parameterization method, with an average proportion of 39%. The contributions of biogenic sources in summer (41%) and autumn (39%) are much higher than those in spring (26%) and winter (28%), while the contributions of anthropogenic primary sources in spring (20%) and winter (18%) are twice those in summer (9%) and autumn (9%).

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Overview of the SHARP campaign: Motivation, design, and major outcomes

et al. 2014

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The Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursors (SHARP) was a field campaign developed by the Houston Advanced Research Center on behalf of the Texas Environmental Research Consortium. SHARP capitalized on previous research associated with the Second Texas Air Quality Study and the development of the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) ozone nonattainment area. These earlier studies pointed to an apparent deficit in ozone production in the SIP attainment demonstration model despite the enhancement of simulated emissions of highly reactive volatile organic compounds in accordance with the findings of the original Texas Air Quality Study in 2000. The scientific hypothesis underlying the SHARP campaign was that there are significant undercounted primary and secondary sources of the radical precursors, formaldehyde, and nitrous acid, in both heavily industrialized and more typical urban areas of Houston. These sources, if properly taken into account, could increase the production of ozone in the SIP model and the simulated efficacy of control strategies designed to bring the HGB area into ozone attainment. This overview summarizes the precursor studies and motivations behind SHARP, as well as the overall experimental design and major findings of the 2009 field campaign. These findings include significant combustion sources of formaldehyde at levels greater than accounted for in current point source emission inventories; the underestimation of formaldehyde and nitrous acid emissions, as well as CO/NO x and NO 2 /NO x ratios, by mobile source models; and the enhancement of nitrous acid by atmospheric organic aerosol.

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Measurements of formaldehyde at the U.S.–Mexico border during the Cal-Mex 2010 air quality study

Cited by 22 publications

References 65 publications

Detection of formaldehyde emissions from an industrial zone in the Yangtze River Delta region of China using a proton transfer reaction ion-drift chemical ionization mass spectrometer

Detection of formaldehyde emissions from an industrial zone in the Yangtze River Delta region of China using a proton transfer reaction ion-drift chemical ionization mass spectrometer

Sources and Potential Photochemical Roles of Formaldehyde in an Urban Atmosphere in South China

Overview of the SHARP campaign: Motivation, design, and major outcomes

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