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Christy, M. E.; Ahmidouch, A.; Armstrong, Christopher; Arrington, J.; Asaturyan, R.; Avery, S.; Baker, O. K.; Beck, Kenneth M.; Blok, H.P.; Bochna, C.; Boeglin, W.; Bosted, P.; Bouwhuis, M.; Breuer, H.; Brown, D. S.; Bruell, A.; Carlini, R.; Chant, N. S.; Cochran, A.; Cole, Leon J.; Danagoulian, S.; Day, D.; Dunne, J.; Dutta, D.; Ent, R.; Fenker, H.; Fox, B. D.; Gan, L.; Gao, H.; Garrow, K.; Gaskell, D.; Gasparian, A.; Geesaman, D. F.; Guèye, P.; Harvey, M.; Holt, R. J.; Jiang, X.; Keppel, C.; Kinney, E.; Liang, Y.; Lorenzon, W.; Lung, A.; Markowitz, P.; Martin, J. W.; McIlhany, K.; McKee, D.; Meekins, D.; Miller, M. A.; Milner, R.; Mitchell, J.; Mkrtchyan, H.; Mueller, B.; Nathan, A. M.; Niculescu, G.; Niculescu, I.; O’Neill, T. G.; Papavassiliou, V.; Pate, S. F.; Piercey, R. B.; Potterveld, D. H.; Ransome, R. D.; Reinhold, J.; Rollinde, Emmanuel; Roos, P.G.; Sarty, A. J.; Sawafta, R.; Schulte, E.; Segbefia, E.; Smith, C.; Stepanyan, S.; Strauch, S.; Tadevosyan, V.; Tang, L.; Tieulent, R.; Uzzle, A.; Vulcan, W.; Wood, S. A.; Xiong, Feng; Yuan, L.; Zeier, M.; Zihlmann, B.; Ziskin, V.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.70.015206

Cited by 209 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Electron-proton elastic-scattering cross section in the GeV regime. Thin solid: measured elastic e -, p + scattering cross section for a beam energy of 5.494 GeV [12]. Thick solid: calculated elastic e -, model p + scattering cross section using Born theory.…”

Section: =− φ Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally Figure 4 show results for the e − , model elastic scattering cross section in the Born approximation as compared with measured results for e -, p + elastic scattering [12]. This result depends on choosing w w ′ = and a w value 3.2 × 10 13 cm -1 for the scattering electron's neutrino interaction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The form factor has contributions scaling as Figure 4, the Coulombic interactions are dominant at the small angles and the magnetic interaction is dominant at the large angles. The two contributions add coherently to give the total cross section, which is compared with the measured cross section [12]. The theoretical results for the lower beam energies of [12] are not as good due to an overestimation of the Coulombic contributions at the small angles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two contributions add coherently to give the total cross section, which is compared with the measured cross section [12]. The theoretical results for the lower beam energies of [12] are not as good due to an overestimation of the Coulombic contributions at the small angles. The beginning of this disagreement is seen in Figure 4 due to too rapid a rise in the Coulombic contribution at the smallest angles.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Quantum-Optical Foundations of Massive and Massless Particles

Ritchie¹

2014

JMP

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A source of the divergences in QED is proposed, and a theory in which the Lamb shift and electron's anomalous magnetic moment are calculated free of divergences is reviewed. It is shown that Dirac's equation for a relativistic electron can be inferred from a Lorentz invariant having the form of the Lorentz gauge equation, A c t ∂Φ + ∇ ⋅ = ∂ 1 0 , on identifying a carrier-wave energy ω  with the electron's rest mass energy mc 2 , the vector potential's polarization vector with Pauli's vector σ , and the envelops of the scalar and vector potentials with the four components of Dirac's vector wave function. The same methodology is used to infer relativistic equations of motion having the Dirac form for a neutrino accompanied by ab initio neutrino-matter interaction terms. Then it is shown that the theory, which comprises Dirac's equation plus the relativistic equations of motion for the neutrino, supports binding on a nuclear scale of energy and length. The experimentally observed weakness of the interaction energy of free neutrinos and matter is due to the smallness of the rate of tunnelling of free neutrinos through a potential barrier which exists in the interaction of free neutrinos and matter. Models are also proposed for the proton and neutron, and good agreement is obtained for the neutron-proton rest mass energy difference in view of the approximations made to solve the appropriate equations of motion.

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Section: =− φ Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Quantum-Optical Foundations of Massive and Massless Particles

Ritchie¹

2014

JMP

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“…As (1.88) and (1.96) show, the polarization observables, unlike the scattering cross section, are sensitive to the interference between the electric and magnetic contributions to the scattering amplitude, making such experiments competitive with and in fact superior to cross section measurements in determining the proton and neutron electric form factors at high Q 2 , where the magnetic form factor completely takes over the cross section. Figure 1-6 shows a representative sample of data obtained from both cross section and polarization experiments on the proton form factor ratio [19,28,20,22,25] aration experiments. Experiments [31,33,35,36,37] used recoil polarization, while [30,34] used polarized targets and measured the beam-target asymmetry (1.96).…”

Section: Existing Nucleon Form Factor Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recoil Polarization Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio to High Momentum Transfer

Puckett

2010

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The electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon characterize the effect of its internal structure on its response to an electromagnetic probe as studied in elastic electronnucleon scattering. These form factors are functions of the squared four-momentum transfer Q 2 between the electron and the proton. The two main classes of observables of this reaction are the scattering cross section and polarization asymmetries, both of which are sensitive to the form factors in different ways. When considering large momentum transfers, double-polarization observables offer superior sensitivity to the electric form factor. This thesis reports the results of a new measurement of the ratio of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton at high momentum transfer using the recoil polarization technique. A polarized electron beam was scattered from a liquid hydrogen target, transferring polarization to the recoiling protons. These protons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer which was used to reconstruct their kinematics, including their scattering angles and momenta, and the position of the interaction vertex. A proton polarimeter measured the polarization of the recoiling protons by measuring the azimuthal asymmetry in the angular distribution of protons scattered in CH 2 analyzers. The scattered electron was detected in a largeacceptance electromagnetic calorimeter in order to suppress inelastic backgrounds. The measured ratio of the transverse and longitudinal polarization components of the scattered proton is directly proportional to the ratio of form factors G AcknowledgmentsThis thesis would not have been possible without the support and efforts of many, many people. It would be impossible to give all due credit to all of the individual efforts that went into designing, planning, staging, and executing this experiment, and the subsequent analysis of the data. Therefore, any omissions from the following acknowledgments are in no way meant to diminish those contributions.I would like to thank the members of the GEp-III collaboration whose tireless efforts made experiments E04-108 and E04-019 a success. This includes the spokespeople; Ed Brash, Mark Jones, Charles Perdrisat and Vina Punjabi, and the other outstanding physicists involved in the core collaboration. I thank Frank Wesselmann for his successful leadership of the testing, installation, commissioning and operation of the Focal Plane Polarimeter, and his significant contribution to the data analysis in the form of the event decoding and tracking software for the FPP drift chambers. I thank Mark Jones for his encyclopedic knowledge of experimental Hall C and for his outsized contribution to making the various parts of the experiment work together as a whole, and for being called upon more often than not to troubleshoot problems with the experiment as they occurred. Mark's many important contributions to the data analysis included the optimization of the HMS reconstruction coefficients. Much of what I have learned about the actual hands-on require...

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Generalized parton distributions, nucleon form factors, and large-t processes

Vanderhaeghen

2004

Ann. Phys.

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The connection of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) to processes at large momentum transfer (high-t), and the links between GPDs and elastic nucleon form factors are discussed here. These links, in the form of sum rules, represent powerful constraints on parametrizations of GPDs. A Regge parametrization for the GPDs at small-t, which is surprisingly observed from the chiral quark soliton model results, is extended to the large-t region and it is found to catch the basic features of proton and neutron electromagnetic form factor data. It is furthermore discussed how these GPDs at large-t enter into two-photon exchange processes and resolve the discrepancy between Rosenbluth and polarization experiments of elastic electron nucleon scattering.

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Measurements of electron-proton elastic cross sections for0.4<Q2<5.5(GeV∕c)2

Cited by 209 publications

References 30 publications

Quantum-Optical Foundations of Massive and Massless Particles

Quantum-Optical Foundations of Massive and Massless Particles

Recoil Polarization Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio to High Momentum Transfer

Generalized parton distributions, nucleon form factors, and large-t processes

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