Measurements of Cosmic-Ray Hydrogen and Helium Isotopes With the Pamela Experiment

Adriani, O.; Barbarino, G. C.; Bazilevskaya, G. A.; Bellotti, R.; Boezio, M.; Bogomolov, É. A.; Bongi, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Bottai, S.; Bruno, A.; Cafagna, F.; Campana, D.; Carlson, P.; Casolino, M.; Castellini, G.; Donato, C. De; Santis, C. De; Simone, N. De; Felice, V. Di; Formato, V.; Galper, A. M.; Karelin, A. V.; Koldashov, S. V.; Koldobskiy, S.; Krutkov, S. Y.; Kvashnin, A. N.; Leonov, A.; Malakhov, V.; Marcelli, L.; Martucci, M.; Mayorov, A. G.; Menn, W.; Мерге, М.; Mikhailov, V. V.; Mocchiutti, E.; Monaco, A.; Mori, N.; Munini, R.; Osteria, G.; Palma, F.; Panico, B.; Papini, P.; Pearce, Mark; Picozza, P.; Ricci, M.; Ricciarini, S.; Sarkar, R.; Scotti, V.; Simon, M.; Sparvoli, R.; Спиллантини, П.; Stozhkov, Y. I.; Vacchi, A.; Vannuccini, E.; Vasilyev, G. I.; Voronov, S. A.; Yurkin, Y. T.; Zampa, G.; Zampa, N.

doi:10.3847/0004-637x/818/1/68

Cited by 61 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For normal matter, the isotopic ratio of 4 He: 3 He is roughly 10 4 :1. Within CRs, the isotopic ratio is higher since 3 He can be produced through spallation of 4 He and, according to PAMELA [55], it reaches ∼ 5:1 at a few GeV/n. Still, this is much lower than the possible measurement from AMS-02.…”

Section: Exotic Bbn As An Explanation Of the Anti-helium Isotopic Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Where do the AMS-02 antihelium events come from?

et al. 2019

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We discuss the origin of the anti-helium-3 and -4 events possibly detected by AMS-02. Using up-to-date semi-analytical tools, we show that spallation from primary hydrogen and helium nuclei onto the ISM predicts a 3 He flux typically one to two orders of magnitude below the sensitivity of AMS-02 after 5 years, and a 4 He flux roughly 5 orders of magnitude below the AMS-02 sensitivity. We argue that dark matter annihilations face similar difficulties in explaining this event. We then entertain the possibility that these events originate from anti-matter-dominated regions in the form of anti-clouds or anti-stars. In the case of anti-clouds, we show how the isotopic ratio of anti-helium nuclei might suggest that BBN has happened in an inhomogeneous manner, resulting in anti-regions with a anti-baryon-to-photon ratioη 10 −3 η. We discuss properties of these regions, as well as relevant constraints on the presence of anti-clouds in our Galaxy. We present constraints from the survival of anti-clouds in the Milky-Way and in the early Universe, as well as from CMB, gamma-ray and cosmic-ray observations. In particular, these require the anti-clouds to be almost free of normal matter. We also discuss an alternative where anti-domains are dominated by surviving anti-stars. We suggest that part of the unindentified sources in the 3FGL catalog can originate from anti-clouds or anti-stars. AMS-02 and GAPS data could further probe this scenario. arXiv:1808.08961v3 [astro-ph.HE]

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Section: Exotic Bbn As An Explanation Of the Anti-helium Isotopic Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Where do the AMS-02 antihelium events come from?

et al. 2019

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“…A weighted mean technique is then employed to derive an overall value for β from these measurements . The overall time resolution of the ToF system is about 250 ps for Z = 1 particles, about 100 ps for Z = 2 particles (Adriani et al 2016), about 85 ps for Z = 3 particles and about 80 ps for Z = 4 particles.…”

Section: The Pamela Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PAMELA measurements of the boron and carbon spectra and ratio as well as the fluxes and ratios of the hydrogen and helium isotopes 1 H, 2 H, 3 He, 4 He have already been published (Adriani et al 2014), (Adriani et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium and Beryllium Isotopes with the PAMELA Experiment

Menn

Bogomolov²,

Simon

et al. 2018

ApJ

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The cosmic-ray lithium and beryllium ( 6 Li, 7 Li, 7 Be, 9 Be, 10 Be) isotopic composition has been measured with the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA, which was launched into low-Earth orbit on-board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15 th 2006. The rare lithium and beryllium isotopes in cosmic rays are believed to originate mainly from the interaction of high energy carbon, nitrogen and oxygen nuclei with the interstellar medium (ISM), but also on "tertiary" interactions in the ISM (i.e. produced by further fragmentation of secondary beryllium and boron). In this paper the isotopic ratios 7 Li/ 6 Li and 7 Be/( 9 Be+ 10 Be) measured between 150 and 1100 MeV/n using two different detector systems from

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“…While the characteristics of the low energy part of GCR and SEPs can be assessed using satellite-borne measurements (e.g. Aguilar et al, 2010;Adriani et al, 2016), the higher energy part, specifically GLE particles are studied by NMs (e.g. Dorman, 2004, and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of spectral and angular characteristics of sub-GLE events using the global neutron monitor network

Mishev

Poluianov

Usoskin

2017

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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-New recently installed high-altitude polar neutron monitors (NMs) have made the worldwide NM network more sensitive to strong solar energetic particle (SEP) events, registered at ground level, namely ground-level enhancement (GLE) events. The DOMC/B and South Pole NMs in addition to marginal cut-off rigidity also possess lower atmospheric cut-off compared to the sea level. As a result, the two high-altitude polar NM stations are able to detect lower energy SEP events, which most likely would not be registered by the other (near sea level) NMs. Here, we consider several candidates for such type of events called sub-GLEs. Using the worldwide NM database (NMDB) records and an optimization procedure combined with simulation of the global NM network response, we assess the spectral and angular characteristics of sub-GLE particles. With the estimated spectral characteristics as an input, we evaluate the effective dose rate in polar and sub-polar regions at typical commercial flight altitude. Hence, we demonstrate that the global NM network is a useful tool to estimate important space weather effects, e.g., the aircrew exposure due to cosmic rays of galactic and/or solar origins.

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Measurements of Cosmic-Ray Hydrogen and Helium Isotopes With the Pamela Experiment

Cited by 61 publications

References 32 publications

Where do the AMS-02 antihelium events come from?

Where do the AMS-02 antihelium events come from?

Lithium and Beryllium Isotopes with the PAMELA Experiment

Assessment of spectral and angular characteristics of sub-GLE events using the global neutron monitor network

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