Measurements of CO and CH<sub>4</sub> in the troposphere over Saudi Arabia, India, and the Arabian Sea during the 1979 international summer monsoon experiment (MONEX)

Newell, Reginald E.; Condon, E. U.; Reichle, Henry G.

doi:10.1029/jc086ic10p09833

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…These values also show a higher level when compared (see Table lb) to those of the globe (Cicerone and Orem, 1988). Measurements of CH4 and CO in the troposphere made within and outside the region (Newell et al, 1981) show a significantly higher level of CH4 and CO over LBLPD (see Figure l…”

Section: Ch4 Co and 0 3 Distribution Along Lblpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a signature of socio-economic impact written on the climate?

Hingane

1996

Climatic Change

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Surging population associated with large-scale colonization, tropical deforestation, and industrialization in parts of Asia that constitute over 60% of the global population may lead to changes in the climate of that region. Identifying such changes is of great importance to scientists and policy makers. Concerning this, an approach is made here to assess the chemical composition in the troposphere over the region that happens to be the globe's longest belt of largest population density (LBLPD) and to assess the long term rainfall pattern of a tropical region lying along the belt of mountain ranges where an intense deforestation has been taking place on a large scale for several decades. Further, this paper reports the long term temperature and rainfall pattern of highly industriatized cities that have one of the fastest population growth rates. The tropospheric levels of CH4, CO and 03 over LBLPD are found to be remarkably higher than those over the stations lying outside the belt. The long term rainfall data of the belt of high mountain ranges shows a significant decreasing trend, whereas the data for adjacent coastal belt, which is normally the upwind side of the mountain belt, does not show any kind of trend. Surface air temperature and rainfall data for industrial cities with population greater than ten million shows a definite increasing trend whereas no trend is seen in data for adjacent non-industrialized towns.

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Section: Ch4 Co and 0 3 Distribution Along Lblpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a signature of socio-economic impact written on the climate?

Hingane

1996

Climatic Change

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“…Carbon monoxide (CO) is a photochemically active gas on the global scale in the troposphere. To date the general features of its distribution have been determined by a combination of surface-based direct measurements [Robinson and Robbins, 1968;Lamontaqne et al, 1971; Swinnerton and Lamonta•tne, 1974]; aircraft-borne direct measurements [Seiler and dun•Ie, 1970;Seiler and Warneck, 1972;Seller, 1974;Newell and Gauntnet, 1979;Reichle and Condon, 1979;Heidt et al, 1980;Seller and Fishman, 1981;Newell et al, 1981;Rasmussen et al, 1982]; surface-based remote measurements [Shaw, 1958;Dianor,-Klokov et al, 1975]; and aircraft-borne remote measurements [Doherty et al, 1986]. These measurements indicate that there is more CO in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere, with the maximum values being found near the surface at northern mid-latitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Middle and upper tropospheric carbon monoxide mixing ratios as measured by a satellite‐borne remote sensor during November 1981

Reichle

Connors²,

Holland³

et al. 1986

J. Geophys. Res.

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134

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Mixing ratios of tropospheric carbon monoxide measured by a gas filter radiometer carried aboard the space shuttle during November 1981 are reported. The data represent average mixing ratios in the middle and upper troposphere between 38°N and 38°S latitude. Approximately 10,000 individual measurements were obtained in each of the two channels of the instrument. The data are presented in the form of plots that show the individual carbon monoxide mixing ratio measurements as a function of latitude and longitude and in the form of maps that show the data averaged over 5° latitude by 5° longitude squares. The data show relatively little variation in the mixing ratio in the southern hemisphere; however, the data from both the tropics and the northern hemisphere show strong gradients with both latitude and longitude.

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“…The repeatability and accuracy of the data were assessed by comparing the radiometric data taken at the same location at two different times during a single flight (repeatability) and by comparing the radiometric data to the average of directly measured samples acquired in a descent at the same location (accuracy). The direct measurements were reported by Newell et al [1981], and the details of the comparisons are discussed in a companion paper by Reichle Table 1, the flights fall into four distinct categories. Flights 6 to 10 were carried out over the Arabian peninsula and the adjacent Arabian Sea; flights 7 and 8 crisscrossed the Rub al Khali in the interior of the Arabian peninsula; flights 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, and 26 were flown in a variety of patterns over the Arabian Sea' and flights 15 and 17 were long traverses over India.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of remote measurements of tropospheric carbon monoxide concentrations made during the 1979 summer monsoon experiment (MONEX)

Doherty¹,

Newell²,

Reichle³

1986

J. Geophys. Res.

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Mixing ratios of tropospheric CO as measured by an aircraft-mounted radiometer over Saudi Arabia, the Arabian Sea, and northern India during May and June 1979 are reported. During early May, exceptionally high CO levels were detected over Saudi Arabia, and strong horizontal gradients in CO mixing ratios were seen to develop over a period of several days. Over the Arabian Sea, mixing ratios of the order of 150 parts per billion by volume were observed before the monsoon onset, and a pronounced decrease in CO was detected toward the equator. Subsequent measurements after the monsoon had become established revealed a consistent decrease in CO mixing ratio across this region. Analysis of aircraft dropsonde data and constant pressure daily streamline charts lend strong support to the hypothesis that this reduction is associated with the influx of CO-poor southern hemisphere air in the monsoon southwesterlies. INTRODUCTIONThe global cycle of atmospheric carbon monoxide is at present poorly understood. This fact is primarily due to the lack of a comprehensive set of global observations with adequate temporal and spatial resolution. The best estimates of the global distribution of CO in the atmosphere to date have been obtained by direct-sampling methods based either aboard ships [Robinson and Robbins, 1968; Lamontagne et al., 1971' Swinnerton and Lamontagne, 1974] or aircraft l-Seiler and Junge, 1970; Seiler and Warneck, 1972; Seiler, 1974; Newell and Gauntnet, 1979; Heidt et al., 1980; Seiler and Fishman, 1981].Such observations have established that the average CO mixing ratio in the northern hemisphere troposphere decreases with altitude and has a maximum value of about 240 ppbv in the surface air at mid-latitudes. In the southern hemisphere troposphere, CO is well mixed vertically, but the mixing ratio increases from about 50-60 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) at high latitudes to almost 100 ppbv near the equator. Much higher CO mixing ratios are often found in the boundary layer near urban and industrial centers in both hemispheres.The major sources and sinks of atmospheric CO have yet to be quantified with a high degree of accuracy. Logan et al. [1981] have made an exhaustive survey both of the CO budget and the tropospheric chemical reactions in which the gas is involved. They find that the oxidation of CH½ (suggested by McConnell et al. [1971]), the oxidation of hydrocarbons [Robinson and Robbins, 1969, Wofsy eta!, 1972, Zimmerman et al., 1978], the burning of biomass [Crutzen et al., 1979], and fossil fuel use constitute the main sources of atmospheric CO on the global scale. It is also possible that arid soils [Conrad and Seiler, 1982] might be a significant source in a region such as North Africa and the Mideast. The main sink of CO is thought to be oxidation by the OH radical I-Weinstock, 1969' Let, y, 1971], but the estimates of the magnitude of the sink are rendered approximate by a large uncertainty in the OH abundance. Oxidation of CO at the surface represents a smaller sink, which is significantly de...

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Measurements of CO and CH₄ in the troposphere over Saudi Arabia, India, and the Arabian Sea during the 1979 international summer monsoon experiment (MONEX)

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Is a signature of socio-economic impact written on the climate?

Is a signature of socio-economic impact written on the climate?

Middle and upper tropospheric carbon monoxide mixing ratios as measured by a satellite‐borne remote sensor during November 1981

Analysis of remote measurements of tropospheric carbon monoxide concentrations made during the 1979 summer monsoon experiment (MONEX)

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Measurements of CO and CH4 in the troposphere over Saudi Arabia, India, and the Arabian Sea during the 1979 international summer monsoon experiment (MONEX)

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Is a signature of socio-economic impact written on the climate?

Is a signature of socio-economic impact written on the climate?

Middle and upper tropospheric carbon monoxide mixing ratios as measured by a satellite‐borne remote sensor during November 1981

Analysis of remote measurements of tropospheric carbon monoxide concentrations made during the 1979 summer monsoon experiment (MONEX)

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Measurements of CO and CH₄ in the troposphere over Saudi Arabia, India, and the Arabian Sea during the 1979 international summer monsoon experiment (MONEX)