Measurements of atmospheric sea salt concentrations in Hawaii using a Tala kite

Daniels, Anders

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.1989.tb00136.x

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The kite is flown using a 300 kg breaking strain spectra line tether which is attached to a hand operated winch. While kites have been used previously to sample aerosols from biomass burning [ Mims and Mims , 2004], sea salts [ Daniels , 1989], and urban air pollutants [ Brönnimann et al , 2001], this is the first time we believe that a kite has been used to sample a dust plume.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A vertical profile of PM10 dust concentrations measured during a regional dust event identified by MODIS Terra, western Queensland, Australia

McGowan¹,

Clark²

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Accurate determination of the spatiotemporal properties of dust plumes and their dust concentrations is essential for calibration of satellite products and the initialization and validation of numerical models that simulate the physical properties and affects of dust events. In this paper, we present a 500 m vertical profile of PM10 dust concentrations measured during a regional dust event in western Queensland, Australia. PM10 dust concentrations within the haze were found to be >20 times background ambient values and decreased with height following an exponential function. We apply an over-land algorithm to MODIS Terra satellite images of the dust haze to enhance its visual appearance against the bright land surface and define its size. In conjunction with the measured attenuation of dust concentrations with height we calculate the PM10 dust load of the plume to be $60% of that which would have been calculated assuming a constant dust concentration up to the dust ceiling height. Results extend previous findings from tower-based studies made close to the surface and confirm that atmospheric dust concentrations decrease rapidly with increasing height, thereby enabling more accurate calculation of atmospheric dust loads during synoptic-scale dust outbreaks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A vertical profile of PM10 dust concentrations measured during a regional dust event identified by MODIS Terra, western Queensland, Australia

McGowan¹,

Clark²

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The sea salt aerosol has very little absorption so that the aerosol scattering and extinction coefficients are essentially the same. In the vertical, the largest salt concentrations occur in the lowest 30 m (Blanchard et al 1984;Daniels 1989). From 30 m up to cloud base (ϳ500 m) the sea salt aerosol concentrations are fairly constant (Woodcock 1953).…”

Section: Coastal Lidar Measurements In Hawaiimentioning

confidence: 97%

Using Horizontal and Slant Lidar Measurements to Obtain Calibrated Aerosol Scattering Coefficients from a Coastal Lidar in Hawaii*

Porter¹,

Lienert²,

Sharma³

2000

J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.

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Sea salt aerosol concentrations in the clean marine boundary layer can be considered spatially homogeneous when averaged over space and time. Using this assumption, horizontal and slant lidar measurements are carried out at a Hawaii coastal site allowing accurate retrieval of the marine aerosol scattering coefficient. It is found that when the lidar calibration or the aerosol phase function is adjusted so that the derived scattering coefficients are constant with range, then the derived aerosol scattering coefficients are correct and agree with nephelometer measurements (within 25%) and sun photometer (within 7%). Examples of this calibration process are given.

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Influence of the source formulation on modeling the atmospheric global distribution of sea salt aerosol

Guelle¹,

Schulz²,

Balkanski³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

192

135

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Abstract. Three different sea salt generation functions are investigated for use in global three-dimensional atmospheric models. Complementary observational data are used to validate an annual simulation of the whole size range (film, jet, and spume droplet derived particles). Aerosol concentrations are corrected for humidity growth and sampler inlet characteristics. Data from the North American deposition network are corrected for mineral dust to derive sea salt wet fluxes. We find that sea salt transport to inner continental areas requires substantial mass in the jet droplet range, which is best reproduced with the source of Monahah et al. [1986]. The results from this source formulation also shows the best agreement with aerosol concentration seasonality and sea salt size distributions below 4/•m dry radius. Measured wind speed dependence of coarse particle occurrence suggests that above 4/•m the source from Smith and Harrison [1998] is most appropriate. Such sea salt simulations are relevant for assessing heterogeneous chemistry and radiative effects. Sea salt aerosol provides on an annual average, in marine regions, an aggregate surface area equal to 1-10% of the area of the underlying Earth's surface. Together with mineral dust, sulfate, and carbonaceous aerosol the total aerosol surface area globally amounts to 13% of that of the Earth's surface. On the basis of atmospheric column burdens, sea salt represents 21% of the total global aerosol surface area. Equal partitioning of the aerosol surface area among the four components suggests that one has to consider all of them if the global aerosol impact is to be fully determined. IntroductionSea salt aerosol produced by the action of wind at the ocean surface constitutes the most abundant aerosol component together with mineral dust. Sea salt studies have addressed its impact on tropospheric chemistry, radiation balance, or air/sea exchange of matter and energy. The radius and the density of sea salt particles are largely affected by its hygroscopicity. We accounted for their evolution in time as a function of relative humidity (RH) conditions. At each model time step, for every grid box and size bin, radius and density were computed as a function of the mean dry radius and ECMWF three-dimensional (3-D) fields of specific humidity and temperature [see Gerber, 1988]. We assumed the particles to be spherical and to have the pure NaC1 ionic composition. Sea Salt Generation FunctionsTwo main mechanisms are thought to control sea salt formation: bubble bursting and tearing of wave crests by wind. Figures 2a and 2b). However, the annual number load is largest with Monahan (see also

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Measurements of atmospheric sea salt concentrations in Hawaii using a Tala kite

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

A vertical profile of PM10 dust concentrations measured during a regional dust event identified by MODIS Terra, western Queensland, Australia

A vertical profile of PM10 dust concentrations measured during a regional dust event identified by MODIS Terra, western Queensland, Australia

Using Horizontal and Slant Lidar Measurements to Obtain Calibrated Aerosol Scattering Coefficients from a Coastal Lidar in Hawaii*

Influence of the source formulation on modeling the atmospheric global distribution of sea salt aerosol

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