Measurements in a low temperature CO2-driven geysering well, viewed in relation to natural geysers

Lu, Xinli; Watson, Arnold; Gorin, Alexander; Deans, J.

doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2005.05.001

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The eruption mechanism of a CO 2 -driven geyser is a strongly positive feedback system; CO 2 exsolution, pressure decrease, bubble growth, and buoyant migration are all interconnected parts of the eruption process (Lu et al, 2005;Zhang, 1996). Here we determine the bubble volume fraction, flash depth, flow rate during eruptions and the eruption/annual CO 2 emission at each geyser.…”

Section: Methodology and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Eruption dynamics of CO2-driven cold-water geysers: Crystal, Tenmile geysers in Utah and Chimayó geyser in New Mexico

Watson

Han

Keating

et al. 2014

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Available online xxxx Editor: P. Shearer Keywords: geyser CO 2 -driven eruptions faults carbon sequestration wellbore leakageThe CO 2 bubble volume fraction, eruption velocity, flash depth and mass emission of CO 2 were determined from multiple wellbore CO 2 -driven cold-water geysers (Crystal and Tenmile geysers, in Utah and Chimayó geyser in New Mexico). At shallow depths the bubble volume fraction ranges from 0 to 0.8, eruption velocities range from 2 to 20 m/s and flash depths are predominately shallow ranging from 5 to 40 m below the surface. Annual emission of CO 2 is estimated to be (4.77 ± 1.92) × 10 3 , (6.17 ± 1.73) × 10 1 , (6.54 ± 0.57) × 10 1 t/yr for Crystal, Tenmile and Chimayó geysers, respectively.These estimates are coherent with Burnside et al. (2013) showing that the rate of CO 2 leakage from wellbores is greater than fault-parallel or diffuse CO 2 leakage. The geyser plumbing geometry consists of a vertical wellbore which allows for the upward migration of CO 2 -rich fluids due to artesian conditions. The positive feedback system of a CO 2 -driven eruption occurs within the well. Active inflow of CO 2 into the regional aquifers through faulted bedrock allows geysering to persist for decades. Crystal geyser erupts for over 24 h at a time, highlighting the potential for a wellbore in a natural environment to reach relatively steady-state high velocity discharge. Mitigating high velocity CO 2 -driven discharge from wellbores will, however, be easier than mitigating diffuse leakage from faults or into groundwater systems.

show abstract

Section: Methodology and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas occupation increases towards the surface from the flash point within the wellbore. The fractional occupation of CO 2(g) in brine (α) is predicted from in situ temporal pressure and temperature data measured by two transducers at different depths (Lu et al, 2005).…”

Section: Bubble Volume Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eruption dynamics of CO2-driven cold-water geysers: Crystal, Tenmile geysers in Utah and Chimayó geyser in New Mexico

Watson

Han

Keating

et al. 2014

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the geyser discharge is cyclical, the rate of influx of CO 2 into the aquifer from depth may be relatively constant (Lu et al 2005). Eruption frequency is a function of recharge rate (influx to the bottom of the pipe), and the ratio of length to diameter of the pipe.…”

Section: Hydrogeologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sites are usually located in volcanic or geothermal settings (Federico et al 2004;Glennon 2005;Lu et al 2005). Like the other two strategies, this empirical approach has inherent limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of CO2 on shallow groundwater chemistry: observations at a natural analog site and implications for carbon sequestration

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In a natural analog study of risks associated with carbon sequestration, impacts of CO 2 on shallow groundwater quality have been measured in a sandstone aquifer in New Mexico, USA. Despite relatively high levels of dissolved CO 2 , originating from depth and producing geysering at one well, pH depression and consequent trace element mobility are relatively minor effects due to the buffering capacity of the aquifer. However, local contamination due to influx of brackish waters in a subset of wells is significant. Geochemical modeling of major ion concentrations suggests that high alkalinity and carbonate mineral dissolution buffers pH changes due to CO 2 influx. Analysis of trends in dissolved trace elements, chloride, and CO 2 reveal no evidence of in situ trace element mobilization. There is clear evidence, however, that As, U, and Pb are locally co-transported into the aquifer with CO 2 -rich brackish water. This study illustrates the role that local geochemical conditions will play in determining the effectiveness of monitoring strategies for CO 2 leakage. For example, if buffering is significant, pH monitoring may not effectively detect CO 2 leakage. This study also highlights potential complications that CO 2 carrier fluids, such as brackish waters, pose in monitoring impacts of geologic sequestration.

show abstract

“…Since the hydrostatic pressure is lower at shallower depths, the CO 2 cannot remain in solution and it exsolves to form more bubbles. This positive feedback process leads into the eruption of a cloud of water and CO 2 (Han et al 2013;Lu et al 2005;Zhang and Kling 2006 (Braunstein and Lowe 2001). (4) Plume: The same exit velocity produces higher plumes in lower gravity.…”

Section: Formation On Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geyser

Johnston¹,

Pankine²

2014

Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Measurements in a low temperature CO2-driven geysering well, viewed in relation to natural geysers

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Eruption dynamics of CO2-driven cold-water geysers: Crystal, Tenmile geysers in Utah and Chimayó geyser in New Mexico

Eruption dynamics of CO2-driven cold-water geysers: Crystal, Tenmile geysers in Utah and Chimayó geyser in New Mexico

The impact of CO2 on shallow groundwater chemistry: observations at a natural analog site and implications for carbon sequestration

Geyser

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About