Measurements and Modeling of Through-the-Earth Communications for Coal Mines

Yan, Lincan; Waynert, J. A.; Sunderman, Carl

doi:10.1109/tia.2013.2260116

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, in this work, we only discuss the real positive attenuation resistor R t . 4. Considering the effect of the capacitor C and attenuation resistor R t , we calculate the EIMN of each part shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the propagation medium is no longer air but soil, rock and water, where the typical RF and microwave could not penetrate through the medium and transmit to the deep underground. Therefore, since the beginning of last century, plenty of researchers focus on TTE communication techniques and greatly promoted the development in this area [1]- [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It's difficult and inconvenient to set the electrodes when communications, especially during emergencies. Another kind of widely used receiving sensor is air-core Induction Magnetometer (IM) [4]. Such kind of receiving sensor could be set on a point, which is suitable for confined environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Induction Magnetometer Receiving Sensor for Through-the-Earth Communications

et al. 2015

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A narrowband, high sensitivity, and low-power consumption induction magnetometer (IM) receiving sensor is designed, built, and tested for through-the-Earth (TTE) communications in this paper. The optimization method is described mathematically and applied for building an IM (central frequency 3180 Hz and 3-dB bandwidth 200 Hz). In this paper, we move the resonant frequency of the coils to the central frequency and optimize the parameters of the IM to minimize the equivalent input magnetic noise level to 7 fT/ √ Hz within 3-dB bandwidth.The IM dimensions are 40 mm × 350 mm and the power consumption is <4.2 mW. The feathers of the IM make it a portable receiving sensor for TTE communications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Induction Magnetometer Receiving Sensor for Through-the-Earth Communications

et al. 2015

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“…Since the waves with low frequency EM suffer from lower fading in loss media, this can be helpful to set the WUSN working at the VLF band similar to most of the telecommunication systems [8][9][10]. However, large size antennae and high drive voltage are required to transmit EM waves in VLF band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation Modeling of Point Source Excited Magnetoinductive Waves Based on a New Plane Wave Expansion Approach

Liu

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2015

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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The signal fading in wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), which is caused by lossy media such as soil and sand, can be reduced by applying technology of magnetoinductive (MI) propagation. This technology can effectively establish a communication at very low frequency (VLF). In contrast to the previous studies in the literature, which mostly focus on the propagation of plane waves, we propose a new approach based on the plane wave expansion (PWE) to model the near field MI waves. The proposed approach is based on excitation of a point source, which is a common case in a practical WUSN. The frequent usage of square lattice MI structure is investigated. To verify the mathematical derivation, the simulation of time domain based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK) method is carried out. Simulation results show that the new model can provide a precise prediction to the MI wave's propagation, with the computation load being one-tenth of that of the time domain simulation. The characteristics of the propagation of the MI waves are presented and discussed. Finally, the reflection on the edge of the MI structure is reduced by analysing the terminal matching conditions and calculating a method for matching impedances.

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“…Recent work on TTE radio has been motivated by the passage of the United States Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response (MINER) act (June 2006), which prescribes a requirement to have wireless communications between the mine level and the surface in underground mines to improve the likelihood of rescue. Further work has been done for modelling TTE radio transmission (Gibson, 2003;Yan et al, 2013;Yan, 2014), which has also included revisiting the data obtained in the 1970s for determining mine overburden conductivity based on TTE radio transmissions (Yan et al, 2014). Another line of research deals with a phenomenon, observed in testing of VLF TTE radios, where there is a marked increase in signal range in the presence of elongated conductors.…”

Section: Vertical Magnetic Field In a Homogeneous Halfspace Versus Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and optimizing through-the-Earth radio transmissions

Ralchenko¹

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Through-the-Earth (TTE) radio has been proposed for emergency communications in locations inaccessible by conventional means, such as underground mines. While the technology is viable, it is unclear how the signal propagates in inhomogeneous media; neither modelling or obtaining a conductivity distribution in the context of TTE radio has been previously attempted. With a robust model, many practical questions can be answered, such as what is the maximum range or the optimal frequency to use, or where the transmitter and receiver should be ideally placed. To this end, a finitedifference time-domain (FDTD) code was developed and optimized for the forward modelling of TTE radio transmissions. This method is computationally intensive, and to improve performance, it was run on a graphics processing unit (GPU). The This thesis could not have been done without the contributions of many people. First, I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Claire Samson, for her invaluable advice for not only during this thesis, but over my whole scientific career since the summer after my second year during my undegraduate studies. I thank Vital Alert Communication, Inc., for their valuable financial support, via the Industrial Postgraduate Scholarship program with the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) over the course of my research. Mr. Markus Svilans provided extended advice and guidance during my PhD, particularly during the first half. Mr. Mike Roper also provided considerable input over the course of the PhD thesis, especially during the latter half. Mr. Michael Homer is thanked for proofreading and giving his blessing to submit all the papers and abstracts, as well as for his assistance in the field. Mr. Vladimir Puzakov is thanked for his help with the hardware and for assistance in the field. Mr. Brian Du is thanked for his assistance in the field. Dr. Peter Kwasniok is thanked for his input into the numerous experiments done over the past three years. Mr. Andrew Schenk is thanked for his assistance with the hardware. Mr. Andrew Wahl is thanked for his logistical assistance. Mr. John Steckley, of Innovative Wireless Techologies, is thanked for his assistance in the field, during a trip to West Virginia demonstrating IWT and Vital Alert products. The committee for my comprehensive examination, Prof. Dariush Motazedian iv

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Measurements and Modeling of Through-the-Earth Communications for Coal Mines

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Design of Induction Magnetometer Receiving Sensor for Through-the-Earth Communications

Design of Induction Magnetometer Receiving Sensor for Through-the-Earth Communications

Propagation Modeling of Point Source Excited Magnetoinductive Waves Based on a New Plane Wave Expansion Approach

Modelling and optimizing through-the-Earth radio transmissions

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