Measurements and analysis of the electromagnetic fields of mobile communication antennas

Baltrėnas, Pranas; Buckus, Raimondas

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2013.08.008

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence, there is a study was conducted in Nigeria as a step to determine whether the level of EMF meet the standards have been established by ICNIRP [12]. Furthermore, many recent studies have focused on measurement and assessment of electric field strength (E) levels and there is a study carried out the measurements at various places near the cell towers inside residential areas in Kirkuk, Iraq and found that the radiation levels were above the recommended values [1, [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure level from selected base station tower around Kuala Nerus: a preliminary analysis

Dianah

Umar

Kamarudin

et al. 2018

J. Fundam and Appl Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Health risk due to RF radiation exposure from base station tower (BST) has been debated for years leading to public concerns. Thus, this preliminary study aims to measure, evaluate and analyze the exposure level on three selected BST around Kuala Nerus. The measurement of exposure level in terms of voltage amplitude (dBmV) data were recorded using spectrum analyzer. The trend of exposure level shows that the characteristics of environment around the BST sites contribute to the variation of voltage amplitude for all study sites. Besides, the radiation exposure level of BST depends on several factors such as: the distance from the radiation sources, the height of the tower, tilt and direction of the antennas fixed on the top of the tower, the number of antennas on single tower, the type of radiation pattern, the direction of main beam of radiation, the feeding power and the operating frequency.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure level from selected base station tower around Kuala Nerus: a preliminary analysis

Dianah

Umar

Kamarudin

et al. 2018

J. Fundam and Appl Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Usually, the base station towers (BST) erected close to residential areas to provide high quality coverage in the context of Quality of Service (QoS) [4][5]. Therefore, mobile phone users like us were exposed to the both radiation sources at once [6]. Even worse, we will be exposed to this radiation in a long period as both of these sources are close to us.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on electromagnetics (EM) exposure measurement techniques from base station

Dianah¹,

Hazmin²,

Umar³

et al. 2018

J. Fundam and Appl Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

EM exposure in the range of non up to 3GHz is mainly sourced from mobile phone base stations, broadcast towers and radar facilities. This reviews based on previous researcher obtained results and methods in order to determine the best technique to measure the exposure. levels by considering the specification of the antennas installed and area of the base stations itself was also reviewed. It was found that numerous study of NIR exposure level has been conducted in other countries, whi the studies used field meter to were far lower than the limit recommended by EM exposure in the range of non-ionizing radiations (NIR) which falls in the radio up to 3GHz is mainly sourced from mobile phone base stations, broadcast towers and radar facilities. This reviews based on previous researcher obtained results and methods in order to nique to measure the exposure. Moreover, the estimation of exposure levels by considering the specification of the antennas installed and area of the base stations also reviewed. It was found that numerous study of NIR exposure level has been conducted in other countries, while Malaysia has become aware of the importance eter to carry out the measurement, and the exposure level obtained were far lower than the limit recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).agnetic exposure level; base station; electric field strength; geographical

show abstract

“…Because there is a growing number of base stations being placed into crowded places; measuring, evaluating the levels of RF-EMF and controlling their compliance with standards/limit values has become more crucial than before. Therefore, detrimental effects of RF-EMF on human health have been the subject of many researches [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] in the last decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination the Effect of Establishment of 4g Systems on Electromagnetic Radiation Levels in a Pilot District

Kurnaz¹,

Yıldız²,

Karagöl³

2017

RAD Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The level of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure increases day by day as a natural consequence of technological development. In recent years, the increasing use of cellular systems due to technological developments in wireless communication systems has made it necessary to measure and evaluate RF-EMF originating from base stations which are the basic structure of these systems. In Turkey, as in April 2016, fourth generation of wireless mobile communication technology (4G) has been introduced and additional base stations are continuing to be added to the system. In this study, RF-EMF measurements were taken at four different times in order to examine and evaluate the change of RF-EMF before and after 4G in Atakum district which is one of the most crowded districts of Samsun, Turkey. Two of the measurements were taken before 4G and the remaining measurements were taken after 4G. Each measurement was taken at different times of the day (morning, noon and evening). The measurements were collected from 46 different locations using PMM 8053 RF-EMF meter which measures RF-EMF in the broad band from 100 kHz to 3 GHz. In the measurements, the maximum electric field strength (Emax) and the average electric field strength (Eavg) were recorded. The highest values that have been noticed in these measurements were 9.45 V/m and 17.53 V/m for Eavg and Emax, respectively. According to the measurement results, a decrease of 45.95% was observed in the measurement values of the morning hours compared to the measurement values of the evening and noon hours. The average RF-EMF value after 4G was introduced has increased by 30.95% compared to before 4G. Apart from these measurements, 24-hour measurements were taken at a location where the highest value was observed and analyzed to observe the change of RF-EMFs during a day.

show abstract

Measurements and analysis of the electromagnetic fields of mobile communication antennas

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Exposure level from selected base station tower around Kuala Nerus: a preliminary analysis

Exposure level from selected base station tower around Kuala Nerus: a preliminary analysis

A review on electromagnetics (EM) exposure measurement techniques from base station

Determination the Effect of Establishment of 4g Systems on Electromagnetic Radiation Levels in a Pilot District

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About