Measurements and analysis of air quality in Islamabad, Pakistan

Rasheed, Anjum; Aneja, Viney P.; Aiyyer, Anantha; Rafique, Uzaira

doi:10.1002/2013ef000174

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition to in situ monitoring, intensive field campaigns have been conducted to address specific science issues such as the export of pollutants from South Asia to the adjacent oceanic (e.g., Moorthy et al, ; Ramanathan et al, ) and Himalayan (Moorthy et al, ; Sarkar et al, ) regions, and the role of aerosols in enhanced/prolonged fog events in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) (Nair et al, ; Ram & Sarin, ; Tripathi et al, ). A few measurements of surface ozone and related gases with complete seasonal cycle have also been reported from Pakistan (Rasheed et al, ), Nepal (Pudasainee et al, ; Putero et al, ), and Bangladesh (Sikder et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In addition to in situ monitoring, intensive field campaigns have been conducted to address specific science issues aerosols in enhanced/prolonged fog events in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) (Nair et al, 2007;Ram & Sarin, 2010;Tripathi et al, 2006). A few measurements of surface ozone and related gases with complete seasonal cycle have also been reported from Pakistan (Rasheed et al, 2014), Nepal (Pudasainee et al, 2006;Putero et al, 2015), and Bangladesh (Sikder et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Will Air Quality Change in South Asia by 2050?

et al. 2018

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Exposure to unhealthy air causes millions of premature deaths and damages crops sufficient to feed a large portion of the South Asian population every year. However, little is known about how future air quality in South Asia will respond to changing human activities. Here we examine the combined effect of changes in climate and air pollutant emissions projected by the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 and RCP6.0 on air quality of South Asia in 2050 using a state‐of‐the‐science Nested Regional Climate model with Chemistry (NRCM‐Chem). RCP8.5 and RCP6.0 are selected to represent scenarios of highest and lowest air pollution in South Asia by 2050. NRCM‐Chem shows the ability to capture observed key features of variability in meteorological parameters, ozone and related gases, and aerosols. NRCM‐Chem results show that surface ozone and particulate matter of less than 2.5 μm in diameter will increase significantly by midcentury in South Asia under the RCP8.5 but remain similar to present day under RCP6.0. No RCP suggest an improvement in air pollution in South Asia by midcentury. Under RCP8.5, the frequency of air pollution events is predicted to increase by 20–120 days per year in 2050 compared to the present‐day conditions, with particulate matter of less than 2.5 μm in diameter predicted to breach the World Health Organization ambient air quality guidelines on an almost daily basis in many parts of South Asia. These results indicate that while the RCP scenarios project a global improvement in air quality, they generally result in degrading air quality in South Asia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Will Air Quality Change in South Asia by 2050?

et al. 2018

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“…Ambient air quality monitoring of Islamabad, Pakistan showed annual average concentrations of PM 2.5 and nitric oxide as 45-95 μgm −3 and 41-120 μgm −3 , respectively, which are higher than Pakistan's National Environmental Quality Standards [11]. The highest levels of measured TSP, PM 10 , SO 2 , NO x , and ozone have been observed in Lahore [12].…”

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confidence: 84%

Ambient Air Quality & Noise Level Monitoring of Different Areas of Lahore (Pakistan) and Its Health Impacts

Hamid¹,

Akhtar²,

Atique³

et al. 2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The problem of escalating air pollution in many developing countries is associated with overpopulation and increasing industrialization. Air pollution at the regional level in many of these developing nations has been attributed to the use of non-renewable fuels such as diesel and biomass [1]. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) estimate, around 3.7 million deaths in 2012 were linked to ambient air pollution [2], with 88% occurring in low-and middle-income countries. Particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5) is allegedly responsible for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and cancer [3-5]. Air quality a sssessment in the Asian region shows that concentrations of air pollutants in highincome countries also usually exceed WHO guidelines and ambient air quality standards [6-7].

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“…Although Pakistan's oil and coal consumption is much lower than that in Xinjiang and India, Pakistan is home to some of the most polluted cities in the world (WHO, 2019) due to the lack of emission controls and air quality standards (Colbeck et al, 2010;Sánchez-Triana et al, 2014). These cities include Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Faisalabad, and Pakistan's capital, Islamabad (Rasheed et al, 2014;WHO, 2019;Shi et al, 2018), all located in northern Pakistan, from which air parcels have been shown to strongly influence the Guliya site throughout the year. Air parcels from Xinjiang and India, on the other hand, only reach Guliya during sum-mer (Fig.…”

Section: Fossil Fuel Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

21st-century Asian air pollution impacts glacier in northwestern Tibet

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Over the last 4 decades, Asian countries have undergone substantial economic development, leading to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Consequently, fossil fuel consumption has risen dramatically, worsening the air quality in Asia. Fossil fuel combustion emits particulate matter containing toxic metals that can adversely affect living organisms, including humans. Thus, it is imperative to investigate the temporal and spatial extent of metal pollution in Asia. Recently, we reported a continuous and high-resolution 1650–1991 ice core record from the Guliya ice cap in northwestern Tibet, China, showing contamination of Cd, Pb, and Zn during the 20th century. Here, we present a new continuous and high-resolution ice core record of trace metals from the Guliya ice cap that comprises the years between 1971 and 2015, extending the 1650–1991 ice core record into the 21st century. Non-crustal Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni enrichments increased have since the 1990s relative to the 1971–1990 period, reaching a maximum in 2008. The enrichments of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni increased by ∼75 %, 35 %, 30 %, and 10 %, respectively, during the 2000–2015 period relative to 1971–1990. The observed trace element (TE) enrichments likely originated primarily from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, with contributions from industrial processes and agricultural activities from South Asia (Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Nepal), Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan), and the Xinjiang province in western China. This new record demonstrates that the current emissions in Asia impact remote high-altitude glaciers in the region.

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Measurements and analysis of air quality in Islamabad, Pakistan

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

How Will Air Quality Change in South Asia by 2050?

How Will Air Quality Change in South Asia by 2050?

Ambient Air Quality & Noise Level Monitoring of Different Areas of Lahore (Pakistan) and Its Health Impacts

21st-century Asian air pollution impacts glacier in northwestern Tibet

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