Measurement the Level of Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase Enzyme in Autistic Iraqi Children

Jwaid, Ahmed Hamed; Muslem, Zainab Hassan; Dawood, Elaf Basim

doi:10.47275/0032-745x-219

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…For example, DBH gene variant rs129882 was found to be associated with ADHD in a large sample (Tong et al, 2015). In ASD, DBH has also been implicated and maternal levels of DBH seem to play a role (Robinson et al, 2001;Jones et al, 2004;Yrigollen et al, 2008;Jwaid et al, 2020). Furthermore, in an ASD sample, DBH was associated with both ASD and ADHD behaviors (Barrie et al, 2018).…”

Section: Molecular Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catecholaminergic and cholinergic neuromodulation in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2023

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social impairments and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Treatment of ASD is notoriously difficult and might benefit from identification of underlying mechanisms that overlap with those disturbed in other developmental disorders, for which treatment options are more obvious. One example of the latter is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), given the efficacy of especially stimulants in treatment of ADHD. Deficiencies in catecholaminergic systems [dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE)] in ADHD are obvious targets for stimulant treatment. Recent findings suggest that dysfunction in catecholaminergic systems may also be a factor in at least a subgroup of ASD. In this review we scrutinize the evidence for catecholaminergic mechanisms underlying ASD symptoms, and also include in this analysis a third classic ascending arousing system, the acetylcholinergic (ACh) network. We complement this with a comprehensive review of DA-, NE-, and ACh-targeted interventions in ASD, and an exploratory search for potential treatment-response predictors (biomarkers) in ASD, genetically or otherwise. Based on this review and analysis we propose that (1) stimulant treatment may be a viable option for an ASD subcategory, possibly defined by genetic subtyping; (2) cerebellar dysfunction is pronounced for a relatively small ADHD subgroup but much more common in ASD and in both cases may point toward NE- or ACh-directed intervention; (3) deficiency of the cortical salience network is sizable in subgroups of both disorders, and biomarkers such as eye blink rate and pupillometric data may predict the efficacy of targeting this underlying deficiency via DA, NE, or ACh in both ASD and ADHD.

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Section: Molecular Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catecholaminergic and cholinergic neuromodulation in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, DBH gene variant rs129882 was found to be associated with ADHD in a large sample (Tong et al 2015). In ASD, DBH has also been implicated and maternal levels of DBH seem to play a role (Robinson et al 2001;Jones et al 2004;Yrigollen et al 2008;Jwaid et al 2020).…”

Section: Molecular Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catecholaminergic and Cholinergic Neuromodulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparison to Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Koevoet¹,

Deschamps²,

Kenemans³

2021

Preprint

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social impairments and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Treatment of ASD is notoriously difficult and might benefit from identification of underlying mechanisms that overlap with those disturbed in other developmental disorders, for which treatment options are more obvious. One example of the latter is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), given the efficacy of especially stimulants in treatment of ADHD. Deficiencies in catecholaminergic systems (dopamine (DA)), norepinephrine (NE)) in ADHD are obvious targets for stimulant treatment. Recent findings suggest that abnormalities in catecholaminergic systems may also be a factor in at least a subgroup of ASD. In this review we scrutinize the evidence for catecholaminergic mechanisms underlying ASD symptoms, and also include in this analysis a third classic ascending arousing system, the acetylcholinergic (ACh) network. We complement this with a comprehensive review of DA-, NE-, and ACh-targeted interventions in ASD, and an exploratory search for potential treatment-response predictors (biomarkers) in ASD, genetically or otherwise. Based on this review and analysis we propose that 1) stimulant treatment may be a viable option for an ASD subcategory, possibly defined by genetic subtyping; 2) cerebellar dysfunction is pronounced for a relatively small ADHD subgroup but much more common in ASD and in both cases may point towards NE- or ACh-directed intervention; 3) deficiency of the cortical salience network is sizable in subgroups of both disorders, and biomarkers such as eye blink rate and pupillometric data may predict the efficacy of targeting this underlying deficiency via DA, NE, or ACh in both ASD and ADHD.

show abstract

Measurement the Level of Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase Enzyme in Autistic Iraqi Children

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Catecholaminergic and cholinergic neuromodulation in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Catecholaminergic and cholinergic neuromodulation in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Catecholaminergic and Cholinergic Neuromodulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparison to Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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