Measurement, Standards, and Data Needs for CO₂ Capture Materials: A Critical Review

Abstract

The commercial deployment of cost-effective carbon capture technology is hindered partially by the lack of a proper suite of materials-related measurements, standards, and data, which would provide critical information for the systematic design, evaluation, and performance of CO2 separation materials. Based on a literature search and conversations with the carbon capture community, we review the current status of measurements, standards, and data for the three major carbon capture materials in use today: solvents, solid sorbents, and membranes. We highlight current measurement, standards and data activities aimed to advance the development and use of carbon capture materials and major research needs that are critical to meet if innovation in carbon capture materials is to be achieved. The review reveals that although adsorbents are considered to have great potential to reduce carbon capture cost, there is no consensus on the experimental parameters to be used for evaluating sorbent properties. Another important finding is the lack of in situ experimental tools for the structural characterization of solid porous materials during CO2 adsorption, and computational methods that would enable a materials-by-design approach for their development.

Crystallography of Representative MOFs Based on Pillared Cyanonickelate (PICNIC) Architecture

“…As shown below in our experimental procedure, crystal growths in these samples all involve the use of a mixture of DMSO, H 2 O and NH 3 . Interestingly, though all crystals were grown from very similar reaction conditions, the structures of the materials ranged from 1-D, 2-D and 3-D coordination polymers depending on the organic bridging ligand used.…”

“…At room temperature, a 50 mL flask was charged with 0.5 mmol polymeric nickel cyanide hydrate Ni[Ni(CN) 4 ] n (H 2 O) 3 and made to dissolve through the sequential addition of 6 mL H 2 O, 6 mL of reagent concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution, and 9 mL DMSO with stirring. (Caution: do not mix concentrated ammonium hydroxide and DMSO directly as rapid outgassing of NH 3 will occur.)…”

“…As most crystals are twin or multiplets, the crystals that we used for data collection in general have very small dimensions (for example, the Bpene crystal has a dimension of 0.016 × 0.011 × 0.006 mm 3 and it has a thin-plate morphology). The crystals were mounted on the tip of a glass fiber with paratone oil and cooled down to 100 K with an Oxford Cryojet.…”

“…The continual rise in anthropogenic CO 2 concentration since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution and its effect on climate change underlie the urgent need for the implementation of carbon mitigation approaches to stabilize the CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere, which would result in a more sustainable global development [1][2][3]. Given the existing availability and usage of fossil fuel resources worldwide, particularly coal, fossil fuel-based energy sources are expected to remain the predominant source of energy in the foreseeable future.…”

Computer-aided molecular design and selection of CO2 capture solvents based on thermodynamics, reactivity and sustainability

“…Thus, in addition to acquiring high-quality data for different solvents, there is a need to accelerate the search using computational methods 17 . Puxty et al 18 Yamada et al 19 Tontiwachwuthikul et al 12 Hydroxylamines 2-4 carbons between hydroxyl and amine functional groups increase absorption capacity.…”