Measurement of visual acuity in Beagle dog by visual evoked potential with pattern stimulation

Maehara, Seiya; Itoh, Yoshiki; Ito, Yosuke; Hayashi, Miri; Masuko, Arisa

doi:10.1292/jvms.18-0334

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Both values are lower when compared to visual acuities in humans (~ 30 cpd) and rhesus monkeys (~ 23.7 cpd) 53 , but much higher than C57BL/6 J mice (~ 0.6 cpd) 26 and rats (~ 1 cpd) 38 . It is nonetheless interesting to note that the retinal acuity values we report in the present study somewhat approach the ones recorded in two other important large animal models such as Beagle dogs 54 and cats 55 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The p-ERG spatial acuity in the biomedical pig under physiological conditions

Ventrella

Maya‐Vetencourt

Elmi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Pigs are becoming an important pre-clinical animal species for translational ophthalmology, due to similarities with humans in anatomical and physiological patterns. Different models of eye disorders have been proposed, and they are good candidates to assess biocompatibility/functionality of retinal prostheses. Electroretinography is a common tool allowing to gain information on retinal function, with several types of electroretinogram (ERG) been implemented including full field (ff-ERG), multifocal (mf-ERG) and pattern (p-ERG). p-ERG represents a valuable tool to monitor Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) activity and can be used to calculate p-ERG spatial acuity. Unfortunately, scarce methodological data are available regarding recording/interpretation of p-ERG and retinal acuity in biomedical pigs yet enhancing knowledge regarding pig vision physiology will allow for more refined and responsible use of such species. Aim of this study was to record p-ERG in juvenile pigs to functionally assess visual acuity. Six female hybrid pigs underwent two p-ERG recording sessions at 16 and 19 weeks of age. Photopic ff-ERG were also recorded; optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histology were used to confirm retinal integrity. ff-ERG signals were repeatable within/across sessions. All p-ERG traces consistently displayed characterizing peaks, and the progressive decrease of amplitude in response to the increment of spatial frequency revealed the reliability of the method. Mean p-ERG spatial acuities were 5.7 ± 0.14 (16 weeks) and 6.2 ± 0.15 cpd (19 weeks). Overall, the p-ERG recordings described in the present work seem reliable and repeatable, and may represent an important tool when it comes to vision assessment in pigs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The p-ERG spatial acuity in the biomedical pig under physiological conditions

Ventrella

Maya‐Vetencourt

Elmi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The refractive power of each recorded eye was measured using skiascopy in accordance with our previous report [16]. [9,10,17]. During VEP recordings, the eyelid was retracted with a speculum, and a supporting thread was placed in the dorsal conjunctiva using 6-0 silk (MANI, Utsunomiya, Japan) to fix the eye position.…”

Section: Vh17b21)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VEP is classified into flash-stimulated VEP (F-VEP), which uses a flash stimulus, and pattern-stimulated VEP (P-VEP), which uses a contrast-reversing checkerboard pattern stimulus. In our previous studies, the effects of the refractive power of the eye [10] and anesthesia [9] on canine P-VEP were reported, and we measured canine visual acuity using P-VEP [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For P-VEP recordings, needle electrodes (VEP needle electrodes, Mayo Corp., Nagoya, Japan) were positioned at the inion (external occipital protuberance) for the recording electrode and at the nasion (nasal point) for the reference electrode. A plate-type electrode (LE ear electrode, Mayo Corp.) was positioned on the inner surface of the right auricle as an earth electrode, in accordance with previous reports [ 9 , 10 , 17 ]. During VEP recordings, the eyelid was retracted with a speculum, and a supporting thread was placed in the dorsal conjunctiva using 6–0 silk (MANI, Utsunomiya, Japan) to fix the eye position.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of pupil size on canine visual evoked potential with pattern stimulation

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pupil diameter on canine visual evoked potentials with pattern stimulation (P-VEP). Atropine eye drop (1.0%) was applied to both eyes as a cycloplegic drug, and tafluprost eye drop (0.015%) was applied to one eye that was selected randomly for miosis (miosis group). The other eye did not receive tafluprost (mydriasis group). P-VEP was recorded at three pattern sizes. The P100 implicit time at a small pattern size in the mydriasis group was significantly prolonged compared to the miosis group. We hypothesized that the prolonged P100 implicit time under mydriatic conditions was due to increased spherical aberrations and concluded that mydriatic conditions affected P100 implicit time in canine P-VEP recordings.

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“…Além disso, outros autores relatam ter se utilizado de anestesia geral, associada ao uso de bloqueador neuromuscular para manter a fixação dos olhos durante o exame de PVEPR em cães da raça beagle e de 1 cão sem raça definida (ODOM; BROMBERG; DAWSON, 1983;MAEHARA et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

>b<Mensuração da acuidade visual de cães da raça Cavalier King Charles Spaniel pelo potencial visual evocado de varredura (PVEV)>/b<

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Visual evaluation plays an essential role in the ophthalmic examination in human beings. Some objective techniques are required to achieve gratin visual acuity (VA) in non verbal people, like babies or infants in pre-verbal ages. The Sweep-Visual Evoked Potential (S-VEP) is suggested to be the most feasible electrophysiologic technique to measure visual acuity. In Veterinary Medicine, researches regarding S-VEP standadization and VA values according to age are still scarce. The anatomical peculiarities of each breed directly influence in visual acuity. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine standard values of visual acuity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) dogs in different ages and to define the moment of visual maturation in this breed. 50 CKCS dogs were selected and divides into five groups by age criteria: G1 (20 days of age), G2 (30 days), G3 (45 days), G4 (90 days), G5 (1 to 2 years old). The S-VEP was performed by Roland RETIport system electrodiagnostic device and the VA values were obtained in cicles per degree (cpd), Snellen Equivalent, decimal and LogMAR. Statstical analysis was based on Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn test, whenever it was required, using the statistical software Prism 5 for Windows (GraphPad Software). The median of the groups (from G1 to G5) were respectly 1,250; 1,750; 3,775; 4,000 e 4,135cpg. A statistical difference was observed between G1 x G3, and G2 x G3, unlike G3 x G4 x G5, that didn´t show differences between these three older groups, suggesting a plateau of VA values. Based on the results, the visual maturity of the subjects studied was achieved by 30 and 45 days of life.

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Measurement of visual acuity in Beagle dog by visual evoked potential with pattern stimulation

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

The p-ERG spatial acuity in the biomedical pig under physiological conditions

The p-ERG spatial acuity in the biomedical pig under physiological conditions

Effects of pupil size on canine visual evoked potential with pattern stimulation

>b<Mensuração da acuidade visual de cães da raça Cavalier King Charles Spaniel pelo potencial visual evocado de varredura (PVEV)>/b<

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