Measurement of true stress–strain curves and evolution of plastic zone of low carbon steel under uniaxial tension using digital image correlation

Identification of post-necking stress–strain curve for sheet metals by inverse method

“…Many researchers chose cylindrical specimen whose circular cross-section minimizes the effect of anisotropy (Zhu et al, 2015;Kamaya and Kawakubo, 2011;Joun et al, 2008;Mirone, 2004). For serving the stamping process, the sheet-metal specimen with rectangular cross-section has been used (Iadicola, 2011;Zhuang et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2013;Tardif and Kyriakides, 2012;Nasser et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 1999;Dunand and Mohr, 2010).…”

“…The first category is the direct method (Zhu et al, 2015;Iadicola, 2011;Zhuang et al, 2013). In the direct method, both the strain and the stress of the flow curve are measured directly through experiment.…”

“…Digital image correlation (DIC) is an accurate method for deformation measurement and has the advantages of noncontact and full-field measurement, etc. (Zhu et al, 2015;Iadicola, 2011;Kim et al, 2013;Tardif and Kyriakides, 2012). Zhu et al (2015) utilized three-dimensional DIC to measure the plastic deformation of cylindrical dog-bone specimens of low-carbon steel and calculated the true stress from the load and the actual cross-sectional area.…”

Local zone wise elastic and plastic properties of electron beam welded Ti–6Al–4V alloy using digital image correlation technique: A comparative study between uniform stress and virtual fields method

“…DIC is an optical technique which came into existence in 1980s [6,7] and of late it has evolved in such a way that it is widely used by the researchers world wide for solving various problems pertaining to experimental mechanics [8][9][10][11]. It uses patten matching principles for comparing the subsets within an image of the specimen in deformed configuration with those of undeformed configuration towards estimating the surface displacement components.…”

“…can be expanded to the form given in Eq (10). and note that this equation contains the unknown variables, actual strains measured over the surface S v , reaction force Fðt i Þ, virtual strains and virtual displacements.…”