Measurement of traumatic experiences of children within survey and intervention research: A Systematic Review of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen

Dowdy-Hazlett, Taylor; Killian, Michael; Woods, MaKenna

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106259

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Based on the original Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS, Sachser et al, 2017a ), which closely followed DSM-5 criteria, we developed the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen 2 (CATS-2), which assesses both DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for PTSD and CPTSD in children and adolescents. The original CATS is an open access instrument, which has proven its usefulness both in research and clinical practice in over 41 empirical studies in various populations (different trauma types, age groups, languages and ethnical/racial populations) (Dowdy-Hazlett, Killian, & Woods, 2021 ). Therefore, the present psychometric study aimed (1) to test the reliability of the CATS-2 scales ( DSM−5 PTSD; ICD−11 PTSD and ICD−11 CPTSD); (2) to investigate the convergent-divergent validity pattern of the CATS-2 scales; (3) to test the factorial validity/symptom structure of the CATS-2 scales; (4) to demonstrate the ability of the CATS-2 to differentiate PTSD and CPTSD according to ICD-11; and (5) to establish empirically derived clinical cutoff scores for a probable PTSD diagnosis according to DSM-5 and ICD-11, using the clinical interview Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-CA-5) as a criterion in a clinical sample of traumatized children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The child and Adolescent Trauma Screen 2 (CATS-2) – validation of an instrument to measure DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in children and adolescents

Sachser

Berliner

Risch

et al. 2022

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: The study examined the psychometric properties of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen 2 (CATS-2) as a measure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to DSM-5 and (Complex) PTSD following the ICD-11 criteria in children and adolescents (7–17 years). Methods: Psychometric properties were investigated in an international sample of traumatized children and adolescents ( N = 283) and their caregivers ( N = 255). We examined the internal consistency (α), convergent and discriminant validity, the factor structure of the CATS-2 total scores, latent classes of PTSD/Complex PTSD (CPTSD) discrimination, as well as the diagnostic utility using ROC-curves. Results: The DSM-5 total score (self: α = .89; caregiver: α = .91), the ICD-11 PTSD total score (self: α = .67; caregiver: α = .79) and the ICD-11 CPTSD total score (self: α = .83; caregiver: α = .87) have proven acceptable to excellent reliability. The latent structure of the 12-item ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD construct was consistent with prior findings. Latent profile analyses revealed that ICD-11 CPTSD was empirically distinguishable from ICD-11 PTSD using the CATS-2. ROC-analysis using the CAPS-CA-5 as outcome revealed that CATS-2 DSM-5 PTSD scores of ≥21 (screening) to ≥25 (diagnostic) were optimally efficient for detecting probable DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis. For the ICD-11 PTSD scale scores of ≥7 (screening) to ≥9 (diagnostic) were optimally efficient for detecting probable DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis. Conclusions: The CATS-2 is a brief, reliable and valid measure of DSM-5 PTSD, ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD symptomatology in traumatized children and adolescents, allowing crosswalk between diagnostic systems using one measure. HIGHLIGHTS The CATS-2 screens for potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and PTSD symptoms. The CATS-2 captures DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria for PTSD and CPTSD and enables clinicians and researchers to crosswalk between both diagnostic systems. International validation has proven good psychometric properties and presents cut-off scores The CATS-2 is a license-free instrument and is freely accessible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The child and Adolescent Trauma Screen 2 (CATS-2) – validation of an instrument to measure DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in children and adolescents

Sachser

Berliner

Risch

et al. 2022

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…among children and adolescents (Sachser et al, 2017;Pfeiffer & Goldbeck, 2017). with special attention to their development (Dowdy-Hazlett et al, 2021). In this regard, the CATS is a comprehensive instrument that allows for assessment in a short time (approximately 15 minutes), consisting of 15 questions assessing traumatic events, 20 questions assessing DSM-5 PTSD symptoms, and 5 questions assessing psychosocial functioning (Kaplow et al, 2020;Lehmann et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its brevity and efficiency make it suitable for routine clinical use, facilitating rapid identification of at-risk individuals in clinical settings. It is important to note that linguistic inclusivity is a hallmark of the CATS methodology, as its translations are available in many languages, including but not limited to German, Norwegian, Spanish, and Turkish, ensuring the cross-cultural applicability and relevance of the methodology (Dowdy-Hazlett et al, 2021). In turn, the reliability and validity of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS) with children exposed to trauma were also studied in the USA, Germany, and Norway (Sachser et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS) methodology for the Ukrainian-speaking population

Danyliuk,

Malysheva,

Loshenko

2024

TECHNOLOGIES OF INTELLECT DEVELOPMENT

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The purpose of this article is to present and test an adaptation of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS) methodology for the Ukrainian-speaking population affected by the war in Ukraine. The study focuses on developing a reliable instrument to assess trauma-induced psychopathology among children and adolescents, taking into account the unique cultural and contextual characteristics of the target population. Research methods. The study uses a combination of theoretical analysis and psychometric evaluation methods to test the reliability and validity of the adapted CATS questionnaire. Statistical analysis, including internal consistency analysis, component analysis, and factor analysis, were performed using R software version 4.2.2. Results. The adapted CATS methodology demonstrates high internal consistency (α = 0.850) and has a three-factor structure that explains various aspects of the impact of trauma and related symptoms on Ukrainian children and adolescents. Confirmatory factor analysis has indicated acceptable goodness-of-fit indices, confirming the validity of the adapted CATS questionnaire in assessing trauma-related psychopathology in the target population. Conclusions. The study concludes that the adapted CATS methodology is a valid tool for identifying traumatic psychopathology in Ukrainian children and adolescents who have suffered from war. Using it provides greater understanding of the war’s impact on mental health. In addition, analysis of the methodology points to the importance of culturally sensitive screening tools in addressing the mental health crisis among war-affected populations. By providing a reliable means of identifying psychological distress, the adapted CATS questionnaire can facilitate targeted interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of trauma and enhance resilience among Ukrainian youth. Keywords: Childhood and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS), adaptation, psychometric assessment, traumatic psychopathology, Ukrainian-speaking population, mental health crisis

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“…Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS) was applied to assess children's traumatic experiences [72][73][74]. CATS measures 1) potentially traumatic events, 2) posttraumatic stress symptoms, and 3) impairment in psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents aged from 7 to 17 years.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

App-Assisted TF-CBT-Based Intervention as Add-On to Inpatient Treatment Reduces Children’s Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms and Post-traumatic Cognitions

Dirzyte,

Radzevičienė,

Perminas

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Previous studies suggested that trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT) is effective in reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in children and adolescents. However, the effects of app-assisted TF-CBT-based interventions in psychiatric clinics compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU) are under-explored. The purpose of this study was to reveal the added value of the app-assisted TF-CBT-based intervention as an add-on to TAU. The digitalized measures of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS), The Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale (A-DES), Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), PTSD Checklist (PCL-5), and Children's Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI) were applied at baseline and post-treatment. The app-assisted TF-CBT-based group participants started with higher levels of negative alterations in cognition and mood compared to TAU participants but at post-treatment, no significant differences were observed between the app-assisted TF-CBT and TAU groups. Within the app-assisted TF-CBT group, post-treatment scores were significantly lower in post-traumatic stress symptoms, intrusion symptoms, alterations in arousal and reactivity, overall post-traumatic cognitions, and belief in being "a fragile person in a scary world”. Within the TAU group, post-treatment scores were notably lower just in dissociation and intrusion symptoms. The study suggests that app-assisted TF-CBT-based intervention can be effective in addressing specific trauma-related symptoms. The findings imply the necessity for screening for traumatic experiences, incorporating trauma-informed care, implementation of TF-CBT into treatment protocols, utilization of app-assisted interventions, tailoring interventions to individual needs, and comprehensive assessment and monitoring of treatment progress.

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Measurement of traumatic experiences of children within survey and intervention research: A Systematic Review of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

The child and Adolescent Trauma Screen 2 (CATS-2) – validation of an instrument to measure DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in children and adolescents

The child and Adolescent Trauma Screen 2 (CATS-2) – validation of an instrument to measure DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in children and adolescents

Adapting the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS) methodology for the Ukrainian-speaking population

App-Assisted TF-CBT-Based Intervention as Add-On to Inpatient Treatment Reduces Children’s Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms and Post-traumatic Cognitions

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