Measurement of total soluble solids and moisture in puree and dry powder of Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) samples using hand-held near infrared spectroscopy

Abstract

Recent research has shown the potential of portable and handheld NIR instruments to monitor and measure the composition of fruits and vegetables. Current research has also shown the possibility of using portable instruments as tools to monitor composition along the entire food value chain. The objective of this study was to evaluate two sample presentation methods (dry powder and fruit puree) to measure total soluble solids (TSS) and moisture (M) in wild harvested Kakadu plum (KP) ( Terminalia ferdinandiana, Combretaceae). Kakadu plum is an endemic plant of Australia that contains high concentrations of vitamin C, ellagic acid as well as other bioactive compounds. These properties make this plant of high economic and social importance for the Aboriginal communities of Australia. Fruit samples were wild harvested in January 2020 from locations in the Kimberley region (Western Australia, Australia) and analysed using both reference and NIR spectroscopic methods. The SECV and RPD values in cross validation were 0.65% (RPD: 2.2) and 0.22% (RPD: 4.2) to predict M and TSS in the KP dry powder samples. The SECV and RPD values obtained in cross validation for the KP fruit puree samples were 0.56% (RPD: 2.8) and 0.24% (RPD: 3.8) for M and TSS, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated the ability of NIR spectroscopy to measure M and TSS in wild harvest fruit. These findings can be also utilised by the Aboriginal communities to develop a grading/sorting system to rapidly screen and evaluate relevant chemical parameters associated with fruit quality and safety.

Portable NIR spectroscopy: the route to green analytical chemistry

“…Various preprocessing techniques and their combinations were comparatively proposed by Sarkar et al to quantify soluble solids in kiwi fruits ( Sarkar et al, 2020 ). The content of dry matter when harvesting was proved to have correlation with soluble solids in Kakadu plum samples ( Bobasa et al, 2021 ). De Freitas and coworkers ( de Freitas et al, 2022 ) and Wokadala and coworkers ( Wokadala et al, 2020 ) determined the fruit dry matter content at harvest in Brazil, while the detection of internal physiological disorders was determined by ( Mogollón et al, 2020 ).…”

Effect of Sample Presentation on the Classification of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

“…When an NIR spectroscopic method or protocol needs to be defined, several issues need to be considered including the type of instrument, the wavelength range used or required, the signal-to-noise ratio needed for the application, etc. [18][19][20][21][22]. Sample preparation and presentation can also differ significantly between instruments (e.g., lab vs. portable), the type of sample to be analyzed (e.g., fresh vs. dry, intact vs. powder samples), or the application to be developed (e.g., quantitative or qualitative analysis) [18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…[18][19][20][21][22]. Sample preparation and presentation can also differ significantly between instruments (e.g., lab vs. portable), the type of sample to be analyzed (e.g., fresh vs. dry, intact vs. powder samples), or the application to be developed (e.g., quantitative or qualitative analysis) [18][19][20][21][22]. It is well known that depending on the sample presentation or preparation, the NIR spectra can differ [18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…Sample preparation and presentation can also differ significantly between instruments (e.g., lab vs. portable), the type of sample to be analyzed (e.g., fresh vs. dry, intact vs. powder samples), or the application to be developed (e.g., quantitative or qualitative analysis) [18][19][20][21][22]. It is well known that depending on the sample presentation or preparation, the NIR spectra can differ [18][19][20][21][22]. Consequently, during the development of an NIR application, care should be taken to ensure that the sample presentation is repeatable between measurements as well as reproducible over time [18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

“…It is well known that depending on the sample presentation or preparation, the NIR spectra can differ [18][19][20][21][22]. Consequently, during the development of an NIR application, care should be taken to ensure that the sample presentation is repeatable between measurements as well as reproducible over time [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Variations in sample presentation to the instrument can introduce unnecessary variability in the spectra collected [18][19][20][21][22][23].…”