Measurement of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in sediments and toxic units used for estimating risk to benthic invertebrates at manufactured gas plant sites

Hawthorne, Steven B.; Miller, David J.; Kreitinger, Joseph P.

doi:10.1897/05-111r.1

Cited by 108 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…In this work, we investigate the use of DAPCI for the detection of 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, pentamethylbenzene, h e x a m e t h y l b e n z e n e , f l u o r a n t h e n e , a n t h r a c e n e , benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, acenaphthene, indeno [1,2,3-c,d]pyrene, 9-ethylfluorene, and 1-benzyl-3-methyl-naphthalene. We chose these alkylated benzenes and PAHs because they are known to possess carcinogenic and mutagenic properties [45]. Our results indicate that these hydrocarbons can be detected from ambient surfaces instantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Coupled to a Portable Mass Spectrometer

Jjunju

Maher

et al. 2014

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. Desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (DAPCI) is implemented on a portable mass spectrometer and applied to the direct detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkyl substituted benzenes. The presence of these compounds in the environment poses a significant threat to the health of both humans and wildlife because of their carcinogenic, toxic, and mutagenic properties. As such, instant detection outside of the laboratory is of particular importance to allow in-situ measurement at the source. Using a rapid, high throughput, miniature, handheld mass spectrometer, several alkyl substituted benzenes and PAHs (i.e., 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, pentamethylbenzene, hexamethylbenzene, fluoranthene, anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenz [a,h]anthracene, acenaphthene, indeno [1,2,3-c,d]pyrene, 9-ethylfluorene, and 1-benzyl-3-methyl-naphthalene) were identified and characterized using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) from ambient surfaces, in the open air. This method can provide almost instantaneous information while minimizing sample preparation, which is advantageous in terms of both cost and simplicity of analysis. This MS-based technique is applicable to a wide range of environmental organic molecules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Coupled to a Portable Mass Spectrometer

Jjunju

Maher

et al. 2014

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…The approach of including the lower alkylated PAHs was selected by EPA for the hydrocarbon narcosis risk model, where groups of C 1 -to C 4 -alkyl-PAHs of 16 PAHs (EPA-34) are included (19). In recent years the topic of the correct analysis of alkyl PACs has received increasing attention and in 2013 a standard reference material, SRM 1991, was issued by NIST to help in analyzing environmental samples (20).…”

Section: Nso-heterocycles and The Analytical Challenge For Alkylated mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to Say Goodbye to the 16 EPA PAHs? Toward an Up-to-Date Use of PACs for Environmental Purposes

Andersson

Achten²

2015

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

481

288

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The 16 EPA PAHs have played an exceptionally large role above all in environmental and analytical sciences in the last 40 years, but now there are good reasons to question their utility in many circumstances even though their use is so established and comfortable. Here we review the reasons why the list has been so successful and why sometimes it is seen as less relevant. Three groups of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) are missing: larger and highly relevant PAHs, alkylated PACs, and compounds containing heteroatoms. Attempts to improve the situation for certain matrixes are known and here: (1) an updated list of PAHs (including the 16 EPA PAHs) for the evaluation of the toxicity in the environment (40 EnvPAHs); (2) a list of 23 NSO-heterocyclic compounds and 6 heterocyclic metabolites; and (3) lists of 10 oxy-PAHs and 10 nitro-PAHs are proposed for practical use in the future. A discussion in the scientific community about these lists is invited. Although the state of knowledge has improved dramatically since the introduction of the 16 EPA PAHs in the 1970s, this summary also shows that more research is needed about the toxicity, occurrence in the environment and chemical analysis, particularly of alkylated PAHs, higher molecular weight PAHs and substituted PACs such as amino-PAHs, cyano-PAHs, etc.. We also suggest that a long overdue discussion of an update of regulatory environmental PAH analysis is initiated.

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“…Measurements of PAH 34 (18 parent and 16 groups of alkylated PAHs) were determined in all bulk sediment and pore-water (American Society for Testing and Materials, Method D7363, www.astm.org) samples by the University of North Dakota Energy and Environmental Research Center using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and methods previously described [22,25]. The 16 U.S. EPA priority pollutant PAHs are a subset of the PAH 34 .…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the ability of chemical measurements to predict polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐contaminated sediment toxicity to Hyalella azteca

McDonough¹,

Azzolina

Hawthorne

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The present study examined the ability of three chemical estimation methods to predict toxicity and nontoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) -contaminated sediment to the freshwater benthic amphipod Hyalella azteca for 192 sediment samples from 12 field sites. The first method used bulk sediment concentrations of 34 PAH compounds (PAH34), and fraction of total organic carbon, coupled with equilibrium partitioning theory to predict pore-water concentrations (KOC method). The second method used bulk sediment PAH34 concentrations and the fraction of anthropogenic (black carbon) and natural organic carbon coupled with literature-based black carbon-water and organic carbon-water partition coefficients to estimate pore-water concentrations (KOCKBC method). The final method directly measured pore-water concentrations (pore-water method). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's hydrocarbon narcosis model was used to predict sediment toxicity for all three methods using the modeled or measured pore-water concentration as input. The KOC method was unable to predict nontoxicity (83% of nontoxic samples were predicted to be toxic). The KOCKBC method was not able to predict toxicity (57% of toxic samples were predicted to be nontoxic) and, therefore, was not protective of the environment. The pore-water method was able to predict toxicity (correctly predicted 100% of the toxic samples were toxic) and nontoxicity (correctly predicted 71% of the nontoxic samples were nontoxic). This analysis clearly shows that direct pore-water measurement is the most accurate chemical method currently available to estimate PAH-contaminated sediment toxicity to H. azteca.

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Measurement of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in sediments and toxic units used for estimating risk to benthic invertebrates at manufactured gas plant sites

Cited by 108 publications

References 12 publications

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Coupled to a Portable Mass Spectrometer

Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Coupled to a Portable Mass Spectrometer

Time to Say Goodbye to the 16 EPA PAHs? Toward an Up-to-Date Use of PACs for Environmental Purposes

An evaluation of the ability of chemical measurements to predict polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐contaminated sediment toxicity to Hyalella azteca

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