Measurement of the Z0 mass and width with the opal detector at LEP

Akrawy, M. Z.; Alexander, G.; Allison, J.; Allport, P. P.; Anderson, K. J.; Armitage, John C.; Arnison, G.; Ashton, P.; Azuelos, G.; Baines, J. T.; Ball, A. H.; Banks, J.; Barker, G. J.; Barlow, R. J.; Batley, J. R.; Bavaria, G.; Beard, C.; Beck, F.; Bell, K. W.; Bella, G.; Bethke, S.; Biebel, O.; Bloodworth, I. J.; Bock, P.; Boerner, H.; Breuker, H.; Brown, R. M.; Brun, R.; Buijs, A.; Burckhart, H.; Capiluppi, P.; Carnegie, R. K.; Carter, A. A.; Carter, J. R.; Chang, C. Y.; Charlton, D. G.; Chrin, J.; Cohen, I.; Conboy, J. E.; Couch, M.; Coupland, M.; Cuffiani, M.; Dado, S.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Davies, O. W.; Deninno, M.; Dieckmann, A.; Dittmar, M.; Dixit, M. S.; Duchesneau, D.; Duchovni, E.; Duerdoth, I. P.; Dumas, D. J.P.; Mamouni, H. El; Elcombe, P. A.; Estabrooks, P. G.; Fabbri, F.; Farthouat, P.; Fischer, H. M.; Fong, D. G.; French, M. T.; Fukunaga, C.; Gandois, B.; Ganel, O.; Gary, J. W.; Geddes, N. I.; Gee, C. N. P.; Geich-Gimbel, Ch.; Gensler, S. W.; Gentit, F. X.; Giacomelli, G.; Gibson, W. R.; Gillies, J. D.; Goldberg, J.; Goodrick, M. J.; Gorn, W.; Granite, D.; Gross, E.; Grosse‐Wiesmann, P.; Grunhaus, J.; Hagedorn, H.; Hagemann, J.; Hansroul, M.; Hargrove, C. K.; Hart, J. C.; Hattersley, P. M.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hauschild, M.; Hawkes, C. M.; Heflin, E.; Heintze, J.; Hemingway, R. J.; Heuer, R. D.; Hill, J. C.; Hillier, S. J.; Hinde, P. S.; Ho, C.; Hobbs, J.; Hobson, P. R.; Hochman, D.; Holl, B.; Homer, R. J.; Hou, S.; Howarth, C. P.; Hughes-Jones, R. E.; Igo‐Kemenes, P.; Imori, M.; Imrie, D. C.; Jawahery, A.; Jeffreys, P. W.; Jérémie, H.; Jimack, M.; Jin, Elaine W.; Jobes, M.; Jones, Roger; Jovanović, P.; Karlen, D.; Kawagoe, K.; Kawamoto, T.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kennedy, B. W.; Kleinwort, C.; Klem, D. E.; Knop, G.; Kobayashi, Tatsuo; Koepke, L.; Kokott, T. P.; Koshiba, M.; Kowalewski, R.; Kreutzmann, H.; Krogh, J. von; Kroll, J.; Kyberd, P.; Lafferty, G. D.; Lamarche, F.; Larson, W. J.; Lasota, M. M.B.; Layter, J. G.; Dû, P. Le; Leblanc, P.; Lellouch, D.; Lennert, P.; Lessard, L.; Levinson, L. J.; Lloyd, S. L.; Loebinger, F. K.; Lorah, J. M.; Lorazo, B.; Losty, M. J.; Ludwig, J.; Lupu, N.; Ma, J.; Macbeth, A. A.; Mannelli, M.; Marcellini, S.; Maringer, G.; Martin, J. P.; Mäshimo, T.; Mättig, P.; Maur, U.; McMahon, Thomas J.; McPherson, A. C.; Meijers, F.; Menszner, D.; Merritt, F. S.; Mes, H.; Michelini, A.; Middleton, R. P.; Mikenberg, G.; Miller, D. J.; Milstène, C.; Minowa, M.; Mohr, W.; Montanari, A.; Mori, T.; Moss, M. W.; Müller, A.‐S.; Murphy, P. G.; Murray, W. J.; Nellen, B.; Nguyen, H. H.; Nozaki, M.; O'Dowd, A. J.P.; O’Neale, S. W.; O'Neill, B. P.; Oakham, F. G.; Odorici, F.; Ogg, M.; Oh, H.; Oreglia, M. J.; Orito, S.; Patrick, G. N.; Pawley, S. J.; Pérez, A.; Pilcher, J. E.; Pinfold, J. L.; Plane, D. E.; Poli, B.; Possoz, A.; Pouladdej, A.; Pritchard, T. W.; Quast, G.; Raab, J.; Redmond, M. W.; Rees, D. L.; Regimbald, M.; Riles, K.; Roach, C. M.; Roehner, F.; Rollnik, A.; Roney, J. M.; Rossi, A. M.; Routenburg, P.; Runge, K.; Runólfsson, Ö.; Sanghera, S.; Sansum, R. A.; Sasaki, M.; Saunders, B. J.; Schaile, A. D.; Schaile, O.; Schappert, W.; Scharff-Hansen, P.; Schmitt, H. von der; Schreiber, S.; Schwarz, J.; Shapira, A.; Shen, B. C.; Sherwood, P.; Simon, A.; Siroli, G. P.; Skuja, A.; Smith, A. M.; Smith, T. J.; Snow, G. A.; Spreadbury, E. J.; Springer, R. W.; Sproston, M.; Stephens, K.; Stier, H. E.; Ströhmer, R.; Strom, D.; Takeda, Hiroshi; Takeshita, T.; Tsukamoto, T.; Turner, M.; Tysarczyk, G.; plas, D. Van den; VanDalen, G. J.; Virtue, C. J.; Wagner, A.; Wahl, C.; Wang, H.; Ward, C. P.; Ward, D. R.; Waterhouse, J.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, N. K.; Weber, M.; Weisz, S.; Wermes, N.; Weymann, M.; Wilson, G. W.; Wilson, J. A.; Wingerter, Isabelle; Winterer, V. H.; Wood, N. C.; Wotton, S. A.; Wuensch, B. J.; Wyatt, T. R.; Yaari, R.; Yamashita, Hiroshi; Yang, Yifan; Yekutieli, G.; Zeuner, W. D.; Zorn, G. T.; Zylberajch, S.

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(89)90705-3

Cited by 228 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Arguing along these lines, a non-relativistic bound state calculation [5] of the Z → 3γ leads to a branching ratio of the order of 10 −5 . This is in fact the present order of magnitude the LEP experiments [11,12,13,14] have set, as a limit, on this decay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

New physics with three-photon events at LEP

Baillargeon¹,

Boudjema

Chopin

et al. 1996

Z. Phys. C - Particles and Fields

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The effect of the most general Z → 3γ vertex in the reaction e + e − → 3γ is studied with a particular attention to LEP searches. We give exact analytical expressions including realistic cuts for the signal and present a detailed analysis based on a Monte Carlo that includes the effect of the irreducible 3γ QED cross section. As special applications we discuss the effect of heavy scalars, fermions and gauge bosons and comment on the "monopole" connection. ENSLAPP-A-518/95FISIST/6-95/CFIF hep-ph/9506396

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

New physics with three-photon events at LEP

Baillargeon¹,

Boudjema

Chopin

et al. 1996

Z. Phys. C - Particles and Fields

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“…As the historic name suggests, the relative depletion between the qq and qg jets was expected to have a non-perturbative origin [67]; later, assuming LPHD, a perturbative explanation was found [60]. To describe the Z 0 data [43,68,69] it is necessary to employ a coherent shower with an approximately equal contribution coming from the non-perturbative hadronization model (but see [61]). A second classic measurement [70], proposed in [71], is the relative depletion between the qq pair in qqg and qqγ events [69,72,73].…”

Section: The String Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hadronization in decay

Knowles

Lafferty

1997

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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Abstract. The confinement transition from the quark and gluon degrees of freedom appropriate in perturbation theory to the hadrons observed by real world experiments is poorly understood. In this strongly interacting transition regime we presently rely on models, which to varying degrees reflect possible scenarios for the QCD dynamics. Because of the absence of beam and target remnants, and the clean experimental conditions and high event rates, e + e − annihilation to hadrons at the Z 0 provides a unique laboratory, both experimentally and theoretically, for the study of parton hadronization. This review discusses current theoretical understanding of the hadronization of partons, with particular emphasis on models of the nonperturbative phase, as implemented in Monte Carlo simulation programs. Experimental results at LEP and SLC are summarised and considered in the light of the models. Suggestions are given for further measurements which could help to produce more progress in understanding hadronization.

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“…In 1989, there came an experimental epiphany concerning the number of generations, or more precisely, the number of light neutrinos. This arose from the measurement of the Z width at SLAC [34,35] and especially at CERN [36][37][38][39]. The answer from this source is indisputably equal to three.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%