Measurement of the Vitamin E Metabolites, Carboxyethyl Hydroxychromans (CEHCs), in Biological Samples

Leonard, Scott W.; Traber, Maret G.

doi:10.1002/0471140856.tx0708s29

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Various analytical approaches have been utilized to detect vitamin E and its metabolites 9,10,12,14,16,19–25,27,29,37,38,40 and are summarized in in-depth reviews. 36,37 Given its high endogenous concentration in serum or plasma, α-TP measurement does not require a highly sensitive methodology, but measurement of other vitamin E isoforms and metabolites requires highly sensitive approaches with circulating levels commonly observed at either low ng/mL or sub ng/mL concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35,39 Thus, similar to the work of others, we used a surrogate matrix (water) to prepare calibration curves. 12,14,20 Although this approach is not ideal given the use of non–matrix-matched calibrators potentially resulting in unaccounted-for biases in results, it was suitable as part of our preliminary evaluation of vitamin E and its metabolites in serum or plasma. One alternative surrogate matrix is charcoal-stripped serum/plasma samples, although, based on our data (not shown), charcoal stripping was more effective at reducing the background levels of the metabolites, it was less effective for less polar compounds, such as α-TP, and was not utilized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous quantification of vitamin E and vitamin E metabolites in equine plasma and serum using LC-MS/MS

et al. 2021

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Vitamin E deficiencies can impact normal growth and development in humans and animals, and assessment of circulating levels of vitamin E and its metabolites may be an important endpoint for evaluation. Development of a sensitive method to detect and quantify low concentrations of vitamin E and metabolites in biological specimens allows for a proper diagnosis for patients and animals that are deficient. We developed a method to simultaneously extract, detect, and quantify the vitamin E compounds alpha-tocopherol (α-TP), gamma-tocopherol (γ-TP), alpha-tocotrienol (α-TT), and gamma-tocotrienol (γ-TT), and the corresponding metabolites formed after β-oxidation of α-TP and γ-TP, alpha-carboxymethylbutyl hydroxychroman (α-CMBHC) and alpha- or gamma-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman (α- or γ-CEHC), respectively, from equine plasma and serum. Quantification was achieved through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. We applied a 96-well high-throughput format using a Phenomenex Phree plate to analyze plasma and serum. Compounds were separated by using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column with a reverse-phase gradient. The limits of detection for the metabolites and vitamin E compounds were 8–330 pg/mL. To validate the method, intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision were evaluated along with limits of detection and quantification. The method was then applied to determine concentrations of these analytes in plasma and serum of horses. Alpha-TP levels were 3–6 µg/mL of matrix; the metabolites were found at much lower levels, 0.2–1.0 ng/mL of matrix.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous quantification of vitamin E and vitamin E metabolites in equine plasma and serum using LC-MS/MS

et al. 2021

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“…Extraction and measurement of vitamin E urinary metabolites, alpha- and gamma-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanols (α-CEHC and γ-CEHC, respectively) were performed using a modified liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method of Leonard and Traber [ 20 ]. Urinary creatinine was measured using a kit from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA; kit#55A), which is based on the Jaffe reaction [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate Red Wine Consumption Increases the Expression of Longevity-Associated Genes in Controlled Human Populations and Extends Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2021

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The beneficial effects of moderate red wine consumption on cardiovascular health are well known. The composition of red wine includes several compounds, such as the phytoestrogen resveratrol, that exert these beneficial effects, although not all the mechanisms by which they act are known. Our aim was to study the effect of red wine consumption on longevity-related genes in controlled human populations, such as cloistered nuns. We found that the expression of catalase, manganese-superoxide dismutase, Sirt1, and p53 was increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 14 days of moderate red wine consumption. This increase was accompanied by an enhanced metabolic wellness: fatty acids, cholesterol, branched chain amino acids (isoleucine and leucine), ketone bodies (acetoacetate), bacterial co-metabolites (trimethylamine), and cellular antioxidants (taurine) contributed to a change in metabolic profile after moderate red wine consumption by the nuns. No serious unwanted side effects were observed. Finally, we tested the effect of moderate red wine consumption on longevity in a controlled animal population, such as D. melanogaster, and found that it increased average life span by 7%. In conclusion, moderate red wine consumption increases the expression of key longevity-related genes and improves metabolic health in humans and increases longevity in flies.

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“…Plasma and tissue α‐T concentrations were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection, as described previously . α‐CEHC concentrations were determined by HPLC‐MS, as described previously with the exception that plasma was pretreated with 0.5 mL 6N HCL instead of glucuronidase prior to extraction, as described . Following incubation (60 min at 37°C), the samples were extracted with 4 mL diethyl ether and an aliquot of the ether fraction was collected and dried under nitrogen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deuterium‐labeled phylloquinone fed to α‐tocopherol‐injected rats demonstrates sensitivity of low phylloquinone‐containing tissues to menaquinone‐4 depletion

Farley

Leonard

Stevens

et al. 2014

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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The influence of excess α-tocopherol (α-T) on tissue depletion of phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinone-4 (MK-4) was evaluated by feeding rats (n=5/group) deuterium-labeled-PK (d4-PK, 2 µmol/kg) for 17 d, thereby labeling the conversion from d4-PK to d4-MK-4. Then they were injected subcutaneously daily for the last seven days with saline, vehicle, or α-T (100 mg/kg BW). α-T injections 1) increased α-T concentrations by 10-fold in liver, doubled them in plasma and most tissues, but they were unchanged in brain; 2) increased the α-T metabolite, carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (α-CEHC) concentrations: >25-fold in liver and kidney, 10-fold in plasma and lung, and 50-fold in heart; brain contained detectable α-CEHC (0.26 ± 0.03 nmol/g) only in α-T injected animals and 3) depleted most tissues’ vitamin K. Compared with vehicle-injected rats, brains from α-T rats contained half the total vitamin K (10.3 ± 0.5 vs. 21 ± 2 pmol/g, P=0.0002) and one third the d4-MK-4 (5.8 ± 0.5 vs. 14.6 ± 1.7 pmol/g, P=0.0002). Tissues with high PK concentrations (liver, 21–30 pmol/g and heart, 28–50 pmol/g) were resistant to K depletion. We propose that α-T dependent vitamin K depletion is likely mediated at an intermediate step in MK-4 production; thus, tissues with high PK are unaffected.

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Measurement of the Vitamin E Metabolites, Carboxyethyl Hydroxychromans (CEHCs), in Biological Samples

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Simultaneous quantification of vitamin E and vitamin E metabolites in equine plasma and serum using LC-MS/MS

Simultaneous quantification of vitamin E and vitamin E metabolites in equine plasma and serum using LC-MS/MS

Moderate Red Wine Consumption Increases the Expression of Longevity-Associated Genes in Controlled Human Populations and Extends Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Deuterium‐labeled phylloquinone fed to α‐tocopherol‐injected rats demonstrates sensitivity of low phylloquinone‐containing tissues to menaquinone‐4 depletion

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