Measurement of the thermal conductivity of titania and alumina nanofluids

A survey of practical equations for prediction of effective thermal conductivity of spherical-particle nanofluids

“…Several review papers introducing different approaches for prediction of thermal conductivity of nanofluids have been published [12][13][14]. It has been shown that different parameters such as particle volume fraction, thermal conductivity of base fluid and particle, size and shape of particles, temperature and particle aggregation all have a significant influence on the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids [5,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

A comprehensive review on heat transfer characteristics of TiO2 nanofluids

“…Saleh [7,13,[33][34][35][36][37][38]43] indicated that there was a positive correlation between temperature and the effective thermal conductivity ratio (k nf /k f ) of TiO 2 nanofluids. This observation could be interpreted as the temperature dependence effect by [30,31,26,39,40,42] found that the effective thermal conductivity ratios (k nf /k f ) of TiO 2 nanofluids were temperature independent because the base fluid has the same increasing trend and rate as nanofluids when the temperature increases.…”

Heat transfer and friction factor of multi-walled carbon nanotubes–Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite nanofluids flow in a tube with/without longitudinal strip inserts

“…Similarly, at / ¼ 0:3% volume concentration, the Nusselt number enhancements are 14.81% and 31.10% at a Reynolds number of 3000 and 22,000, respectively. Researchers [47][48][49][50] used single-nanoparticles such as Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 for the preparation of nanofluids and determined their thermal properties and heat transfer characteristics. Mahian et al [51] performed an irreversibility analysis of a vertical annulus using TiO 2 /water nanofluid with MHD flow effects.…”