Measurement of the road gradient using an inclinometer mounted on a moving vehicle

Adaptive Observer-Based Parameter Estimation With Application to Road Gradient and Vehicle Mass Estimation

“…One may argue that the cost of an accelerometer-based sensor, such as an inclinometer may be acceptable. However, due to the nature of the inclinometer's construction, it is so susceptible to giving out errors [17] as it is only suited to measure static inclination. Exploiting remote sensing methods such as GPS, e.g.…”

Intelligent Two-Step Estimation Approach for Vehicle Mass and Road Grade

“…There have been a large number of studies in estimating vehicle mass and/or road grade over the last two decades. The early proposed sensor-based methods used the global positioning system (GPS) and additional sensor information to implement the estimation [11]- [13]. However, on account of their limited estimation accuracy, high cost, and sensitivity to environmental noise, the subsequent researches mainly focused on model-based methods.…”

Symmetry Two-axis Tilt Angle Capacitive Sensor System

“…Nowadays, there are many types of tilt angle sensors have been proposed and developed for widely used in industry, scientific research, medical support for patients and in several consumer applications. Some common applications that the tilt sensors are used including: robot balancing, support mobility activities for people with disabilities and people with a stroke or spinal cord injury [1][2][3][4]; patient monitoring device [5]; self-balancing scooter [6]; adjusting the rotation angle of the solar system [7]. A tilt angle sensor can be designed based on several working principles.…”