Measurement of the real dielectric permittivity ϵ  of glacial ice

Allison, P.; Archambault, S.; Auffenberg, J.; Bard, Robert L.; Beatty, J. J.; Beheler-Amass, M.; Besson, D. Z.; Chen, C.C.; Chen, C.H.; Chen, P.; Christenson, Andrew L.; Clark, Brian; Connolly, A.; Cremonesi, L.; Deaconu, C.; DuVernois, M. A.; Friedman, Lee A.; Gaïor, R.; Hanson, Juliette; Hanson, K.; Haugen, J.; Hoffman, K. D.; Hong, Eugene; Hsu, Shih-Ying; Hu, Lei; Huang, J. J.; Huang, M.; Ishihara, A.; Karle, A.; Kelley, J. L.; Khandelwal, Rishabh; Kim, M.-C.; Kravchenko, I.; Kruse, J.; Kurusu, K.; Kuwabara, T.; Landsman, H.; Latif, Uzair Abdul; Laundrie, A.; Li, C.-J.; Liu, T.-C.; Lu, M.-Y.; Mase, K.; Meures, T.; Nam, J. W.; Nichol, R. J.; Nir, G.; Novikov, Alexander; Oberla, E.; Murchadha, Aongus Ó; Pan, Y.; Pfendner, C.; Ratzlaff, K.; Relich, M.; Roth, James D.; Sandstrom, P.; Seckel, D.; Shiao, Y.-S.; Shultz, A.; Song, M.; Touart, J.; Varner, G.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wang, M.Z.; Wang, S.H.; Wissel, S.; Yoshida, Shigeru; Young, R.

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2019.01.004

Cited by 24 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Previous analysis of ice birefringence at the South Pole has been discussed in terms of fractional ‘birefringent asymmetry’ (Kravchenko and others, 2011; Allison and others, 2019a) which can be estimated via the ratio where is the mean refractive index. Figure 4 shows that for flow-perpendicular case |〈Δ n s , p 〉| ranges from 0.02 to 0.035, which corresponds to .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determining the range to the neutrino interaction point is, however, considerably more challenging. To address this challenge, measurement of the polarization time delay between h and v polarizations at the ARA detectors has been proposed (Kravchenko and others, 2011; Allison and others, 2019a). In turn, combined with the information on ice birefringence, this polarization time delay can then be converted into a range-to-neutrino vertex.…”

Section: Radio Transmitter Calibration Of the Ara Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ARA collaboration has previously reported h - v time delays for data taken using the deep pulser sources IC1S DP and IC22S DP and the SPICE icehole pulser (Allison and others, 2019a, 2019b; Jordan and others, 2019a). These results are summarized quantitatively in Section 5.1.…”

Section: Radio Transmitter Calibration Of the Ara Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterization of the radio-frequency (bulk) permittivity of polar ice is critical to optimizing the ARA detector sensitivity and to reconstruct information about ice–neutrino interactions (Kravchenko and others, 2011; Allison and others, 2019a). The real component of the permittivity relates to the volume of ice visible to the radio receiver array, whilst the imaginary component relates to the attenuation of the radio signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterization of ice birefringence is important for the ARA experiment as it would facilitate a range estimate from the interaction source to the detector based on polarization time delays at the ARA detectors, and subsequently aid in neutrino energy reconstruction. Measured polarization time delays using radio transmitter calibration sources have demonstrated that a significant birefringence (~0.1–0.3% of the mean refractive index) is present for oblique angle trajectories (Kravchenko and others, 2011; Allison and others, 2019a). A first-principles radio propagation model that predicts the polarization time delays is, however, yet to be developed and is desirable to estimate the interaction range for an arbitrary trajectory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling ice birefringence and oblique radio wave propagation for neutrino detection at the South Pole

et al. 2020

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The Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) experiment at the South Pole is designed to detect high-energy neutrinos which, via in-ice interactions, produce coherent radiation at frequencies up to 1000 MHz. In Dec. 2018, a custom high-amplitude radio-frequency transmitter was lowered into the 1700 m SPICE ice core to provide test sources for ARA receiver stations sensitive to vertical and horizontal polarizations. For these tests, signal geometries correspond to obliquely propagating radio waves from below. The ARA collaboration has recently measured the polarization-dependent time delay variation, and report more significant time delays for trajectories perpendicular to ice flow. Here we use fabric data from the SPICE ice core to construct a bounding model for the ice birefringence and the polarization time delays across ARA. The data-model comparison is consistent with the vertical girdle fabric at the South Pole having the prevailing horizontal crystallographic axis oriented near-perpendicular to ice flow. This study presents the possibility that ice birefringence can be used to constrain the range to a neutrino interaction, and hence aid in neutrino energy reconstruction, for in-ice experiments such as ARA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radio Transmitter Calibration Of the Ara Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radio Transmitter Calibration Of the Ara Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling ice birefringence and oblique radio wave propagation for neutrino detection at the South Pole

et al. 2020

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Targeting ultra-high energy neutrinos with the ARIANNA experiment

Anker

Barwick

Bernhoff

et al. 2019

Advances in Space Research

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The measurement of ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos (E > 10 16 eV) opens a new field of astronomy with the potential to reveal the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays especially if combined with observations in the electromagnetic spectrum and gravitational waves. The ARIANNA pilot detector explores the detection of UHE neutrinos with a surface array of independent radio detector stations in Antarctica which allows for a cost-effective instrumentation of large volumes. Twelve stations are currently operating successfully at the Moore's Bay site (Ross Ice Shelf) in Antarctica and at the South Pole. We will review the current state of ARIANNA and its main results. We report on a newly developed wind generator that successfully operates in the harsh Antarctic conditions and powers the station for a substantial time during the dark winter months. The robust ARIANNA surface architecture, combined with environmentally friendly solar and wind power generators, can be installed at any deep ice location on the planet and operated autonomously. We report on the detector capabilities to determine the neutrino direction by reconstructing the signal arrival direction of a 800 m deep calibration pulser, and the reconstruction of the signal polarization using the more abundant cosmic-ray air showers. Finally, we describe a large-scale design -ARIA -that capitalizes on the successful experience of the ARIANNA operation and is designed sensitive enough to discover the first UHE neutrino.

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