Measurement of the physical parameters of ferromagnetic samples – simulators of steel cables

Pudov, V. I.; Соболев, А. С.; Voronina, S.

doi:10.1007/s11018-010-9540-8

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In the dimensionless form it was S e ≈ 1.15. The calculated MSD estimate for the considered Student sam ple [18] according to the formula: (13) was S s ≈ 1.13, where k = (n -1) is the number of degrees of freedom. This is in acceptable accord with S e for the above experimental data.…”

Section: The Inevitable Increase In Noisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All this leads to substantial production-technical and material costs [7]. The advent of modern magnetic inspection tools led to development of special simulation specimens (SSs) for raising the efficiency of the adjustment and calibration of this equipment [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, the absence of generalized procedures for evaluating the reliability of the magnetic inspection of the cables decreases the efficiency of the method used in industrial conditions.…”

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Physical simulation of the conditions and parameters of the reliability of the magnetic inspection of steel cables

Соболев

Pudov

2014

Russ J Nondestruct Test

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The inspection of the wear of steel cables is carried out by magnetic flaw detectors [1,2]. The principle of their operation is based on the electromagnetic induction phenomenon (eddy current method) or on the magnetic saturation method. In the first case, the cable is magnetized by a low frequency small amplitude alternating magnetic field (Rayleigh region) and the induced electromotive force (EMF) is read from the measuring coil of the gage of a flaw detector. In the second case, a cable is magnetized by magnets and the magnetic induction of the leakage field is recorded, e.g., by Hall effect devices. In magnetic flaw detectors both methods are used either separately or jointly. In addition, the eddy current method is basi cally used for testing the wear of cables, including corrosive wear, and the magnetic saturation method is used for testing the wear and breakage of cable wires. For example, the eddy current method is used in Dr. Brandt flaw detectors (Germany) or UDK 3 Triton-Electronics flaw detectors (State registration no. 18118), and the magnetic saturation method is used in Intron flaw detectors (Russia) [2].For the manufacture of steel cables, steels of different types are used, e.g., 6X19, 6X30, 18X19, steel 70, steel 80, and also others, which have a scatter of the relative amplitude magnetic permeability ( ) in the range of 30-60 [3,4]. In this case, the introduction of the concept of the relative amplitude magnetic per meability of steel cables is determined by the use of the eddy current method. With reference to ferromag netic objects that are exposed to weak alternating magnetic fields, the magnetic permeability can be eval uated from a minor dynamic hysteresis loop [5]. In this work we give an expression for the amplitude mag netic permeability in the CGS system of units, but already in the SI system it can be represented as the relative magnetic permeability:where μ 0 = 4π × 10 -7 H/m; and H A and B A are the amplitudes of the intensity and the induction of the alternating magnetic field, respectively.For practical purposes, in the above range of values magnetic flaw detectors are tuned and cali brated based on non operating sections of the cables.In industrial operating conditions the errors of a magnetic flaw detector inevitably increase due to the total actions of several factors, namely, dynamic loads on the cable, external electromagnetic distur bances, change of environmental humidity, etc. This leads to a decrease in the inspection efficiency of the state of steel cables, including that due to an increase in the probability of the occurrence of errors of the first or second kinds [6,7]. In the first case, a dangerous critical 25% wear level can be missed and the haz ard of cable breakage arises, which is related to human safety. In the second case, non defective cables can μ a Abstract-A physical model of the magnetic inspection process of steel cables, which is based on the linear approximation of the influence of the ratios (γ*) of effective external electromagnetic distur bances (no...

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Section: The Inevitable Increase In Noisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical simulation of the conditions and parameters of the reliability of the magnetic inspection of steel cables

Соболев

Pudov

2014

Russ J Nondestruct Test

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“…A load is delivered to the sample through the cover plate until typical crackling caused by disintegration of the nitride layer occurs. Universal calibration specimens (CS) of magnetic properties that simulate 10, 15, 20, and 25% wear of cables have been developed for adjustment of the magnetic fl aw detectors used to monitor steel cables [12,13]. Through their use, it is possible to optimize the adjusted parameters of a fl aw detector and to virtually eliminate the infl uence of different types of cable steels on the testing results.…”

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Features of the Development of Calibration Specimens for Monitoring Ultra-Acoustic Flaw Detectors. Part 1. General Principles for the Construction of Calibration Specimens

2015

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Special features in the use of calibration specimens (certifi ed reference materials) in nondestructive testing are considered. It is shown that calibration specimens are articles for which the coupling parameters, which express the dependence of the information signal of the nondestructive testing instruments on the geometry of the defect models and the physical properties of the test material, should be normalized. It is established that calibration specimens for use in control of the nonlinearity of the electroacoustic channel of an ultra-acoustic fl aw detector do not presently exist and that it is necessary to create a new group of calibration specimens, for example, in the form of a multi-element solid-state construction containing defect models of the same type. Through the use of such calibration specimens, it will become possible to identify poor-quality ultra-acoustic fl aw detectors. Keywords: calibration specimens, certifi ed reference materials, defect model, ultra-acoustic nondestructive testing device.The dominance of ultra-acoustic methods of nondestructive testing in industry has led to the appearance of a broad class of ultra-acoustic fl aw detectors. Each of these devices constitutes a coupled system consisting of an electronic block and primary direct-and slanted-type piezoelectric transducers. Through the use of slanted piezoelectric transducers, it is possible to achieve ultra-acoustic control by the echo method with different entry angles (from 40 to 75°) of transverse, longitudinal, and surface ultra-acoustic waves in the range of frequencies 1.8-10 MHz.Calibration specimens and analogs of such specimens, for example, simulator specimens of defects [1-3], in particular, are used for purposes of metrological assurance of the operation of certifi ed ultra-acoustic fl aw detectors (verifi cation of functionality, adjustment, calibration, and inspection) in domestic applications. The basic estimated parameters of ultra-acoustic fl aw detectors include the conventional sensitivity, resolution, error of depth gage, conversion factor of pulses of piezoelectric transducer, range of variation of detected information signal, and a number of other parameters, depending on the type of ultra-acoustic fl aw detector.We have not found any certifi ed specimens intended for use in estimation of the nonlinearity of the electroacoustic channel of an ultra-acoustic fl aw detector in the list of calibration specimens now in use or foreign analogs of these specimens.

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Measurement of the physical parameters of ferromagnetic samples – simulators of steel cables

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Physical simulation of the conditions and parameters of the reliability of the magnetic inspection of steel cables

Physical simulation of the conditions and parameters of the reliability of the magnetic inspection of steel cables

Features of the Development of Calibration Specimens for Monitoring Ultra-Acoustic Flaw Detectors. Part 1. General Principles for the Construction of Calibration Specimens

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