Measurement of the oxidative potential of PM2.5 and its constituents: The effect of extraction solvent and filter type

Yang, Aileen; Jedyńska, Aleksandra; Hellack, Bryan; Kooter, Ingeborg M.; Hoek, Gerard; Brunekreef, Bert; Kuhlbusch, Thomas A. J.; Cassee, Flemming R.; Janssen, Nicole

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.049

Cited by 155 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This alternative method is highly correlated with that involving filter extraction Yang et al, 2014 Fig. S4).…”

Section: Esr Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correlations were considered as strong for r s > 0.70 and moderate for r s (> 0.45 and < 0.70), which are commonly criteria that can be found in the literature Yang et al, 2014). Table 2 shows that OPv values are all strongly correlated (r s > 0.7) with the exception of OP ESRv values for which correlations ranged from 0.16 (OP ASCv) to 0.45 (OP DTTv).…”

Section: Comparison Of the Op Measurement Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ESR assay employs the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and is specific for reactive radical species, which for example result from partial reduction of dioxygen catalyzed by transition metal (Boogaard et al, 2012;Shi et al, 2003). The AA assays would be more specific to the oxidative potential of transition metals (Godri et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2014), but ascorbic acid is known to react with organics such as quinones (Shang et al, 2012;Visentin et al, 2016). All of these assays have shown some correlations with health outcomes in epidemiological studies (Abrams et al, 2017;Bates et al, 2015;Fang et al, 2016;Strak et al, 2017;Weichenthal et al, 2016a, b;Yang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM<sub>10</sub> samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Many studies have demonstrated associations between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and adverse health outcomes in humans that can be explained by PM capacity to induce oxidative stress in vivo. Thus, assays have been developed to quantify the oxidative potential (OP) of PM as a more refined exposure metric than PM mass alone. Only a small number of studies have compared different acellular OP measurements for a given set of ambient PM samples. Yet, fewer studies have compared different assays over a year-long period and with detailed chemical characterization of ambient PM. In this study, we report on seasonal variations of the dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbic acid (AA), electron spin resonance (ESR) and the respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF, composed of the reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASC)) assays over a 1-year period in which 100 samples were analyzed. A detailed PM 10 characterization allowed univariate and multivariate regression analyses in order to obtain further insight into groups of chemical species that drive OP measurements. Our results show that most of the OP assays were strongly intercorrelated over the sampling year but also these correlations differed when considering specific sampling periods (cold vs. warm). All acellular assays are correlated with a significant number of chemical species when considering univariate correlations, especially for the DTT assay. Evidence is also presented of a seasonal contrast over the sampling period with significantly higher OP values during winter for the DTT, AA, GSH and ASC assays, which were assigned to biomass burning species by the multiple linear regression models. The ESR assay clearly differs from the other tests as it did not show seasonal dynamics and presented weaker correlations with other assays and chemical species.

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“…This alternative method is highly correlated with that involving filter extraction Yang et al, 2014 Fig. S4).…”

Section: Esr Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of the Op Measurement Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM<sub>10</sub> samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

et al. 2018

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“…Method 2 is similar to the methanol extraction by Yang et al (2014). The filter punch was extracted in methanol via 30 min sonication.…”

Section: Op Total-dtt Analysis Sample Extraction and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DTT assay response for the methanol extracts was significantly higher than that for the water extracts, with a methanol-to-water OP DTT ratio of 1.6 ± 0.4. Yang et al (2014) compared OP DTT of ambient PM with two extraction methods for Teflon filters: methanol extraction without filtering and water extraction. They found that the methanol extracts were more DTT-reactive (expressed per cubic meter of sampled volume) than the water extracts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for measuring total aerosol oxidative potential (OP) with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and comparisons between an urban and roadside site of water-soluble and total OP

et al. 2017

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Abstract. An automated analytical system was developed for measuring the oxidative potential (OP) with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay of filter extracts that include both watersoluble and water-insoluble (solid) aerosol species. Three approaches for measuring total oxidative potential were compared. These include using methanol as the solvent with (1) and without (2) filtering the extract, followed by removing the solvent and reconstituting with water, and (3) extraction in pure water and performing the OP analysis in the extraction vial with the filter. The water extraction method (the third approach, with filter remaining in the vial) generally yielded the highest DTT responses with better precision (coefficient of variation of 1-5 %) and was correlated with a greater number of other aerosol components. Because no organic solvents were used, which must be mostly eliminated prior to DTT analysis, it was easiest to automate by modifying an automated analytical system for measuring water-soluble OP developed by . Therefore, the third method was applied to the field study for the determination of total OP. Daily 23 h filter samples were collected simultaneously at a roadside (RS) and a representative urban (Georgia Tech, GT) site for two 1-month study periods, and both water-soluble (OP WS-DTT ) and total (OP Total-DTT ) OP were measured. Using PM 2.5 (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm) high-volume samplers with quartz filters, the OP WS-DTT -to-OP Total-DTT ratio at the urban site was 65 % with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.71 (N = 35; p value < 0.01), compared to a ratio of 62 % and r = 0.56 (N = 31; p value < 0.01) at the roadside site. The same DTT analyses were performed, and similar results were found using particle composition monitors (flow rate of 16.7 L min −1 ) with Teflon filters. Comparison of measurements between sites showed only slightly higher levels of both OP WS-DTT and OP Total-DTT at the RS site, indicating both OP WS-DTT and OP Total-DTT were largely spatially homogeneous. These results are consistent with roadway emissions as sources of DTT-quantified PM 2.5 OP and indicate that both soluble and insoluble aerosol components contributing to OP are largely secondary.

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Oxidative Potential of Particulate Matter: A Prospective Measure to Assess PM Toxicity

Yadav

Phuleria

2019

Energy, Environment, and Sustainability

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Measurement of the oxidative potential of PM2.5 and its constituents: The effect of extraction solvent and filter type

Cited by 155 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM<sub>10</sub> samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM<sub>10</sub> samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

A method for measuring total aerosol oxidative potential (OP) with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and comparisons between an urban and roadside site of water-soluble and total OP

Oxidative Potential of Particulate Matter: A Prospective Measure to Assess PM Toxicity

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Measurement of the oxidative potential of PM2.5 and its constituents: The effect of extraction solvent and filter type

Cited by 155 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

A method for measuring total aerosol oxidative potential (OP) with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and comparisons between an urban and roadside site of water-soluble and total OP

Oxidative Potential of Particulate Matter: A Prospective Measure to Assess PM Toxicity

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Product

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Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM<sub>10</sub> samples from the city of Chamonix (France)

Comparison between five acellular oxidative potential measurement assays performed with detailed chemistry on PM<sub>10</sub> samples from the city of Chamonix (France)