Measurement of the optical properties of skin using terahertz time-domain spectroscopic techniques

Wilmink, Gerald J.; Ibey, Bennett L.; Tongue, Thomas; Schulkin, Brian; Peralta, Xomalin G.; Rivest, Benjamin D.; Haywood, Eric C.; Roach, William P.

doi:10.1117/12.844914

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The data clearly show that increases in a material's index of refraction result in appreciable increases in R s . Figure 3d contains published data for the index of refraction of water and porcine skin at THz frequencies [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. The data shows that water's index ranges from 3.5 at 0.1 THz to 2.0 at 1.6 THz, while skin's index ranges from 2.2 at 0.1 THz to 2.0 at 1.6 THz.…”

Section: Fundamental Principles Of Thz-materials Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Invited Review Article: Current State of Research on Biological Effects of Terahertz Radiation

Wilmink

Grundt

2011

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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271

186

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In recent years, terahertz radiation sources are increasingly being exploited in military and civil applications. However, only a few studies have so far been conducted to examine the biological effects associated with terahertz radiation. In this study, we evaluated the cellular response of mesenchymal mouse stem cells exposed to THz radiation. We apply low-power radiation from both a pulsed broad-band (centered at 10 THz) source and from a CW laser (2.52 THz) source. Modeling, empirical characterization, and monitoring techniques were applied to minimize the impact of radiation-induced increases in temperature. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate changes in the transcriptional activity of selected hyperthermic genes. We found that temperature increases were minimal, and that the differential expression of the investigated heat shock proteins (HSP105, HSP90, and CPR) was unaffected, while the expression of certain other genes (Adiponectin, GLUT4, and PPARG) showed clear effects of the THz irradiation after prolonged, broad-band exposure.

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Section: Fundamental Principles Of Thz-materials Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…First, they provide high levels of average output power, with values on the order of 100 mW at many frequency lines. Notably, these power values are the highest levels of all commercially available bench-top THz sources [43,[119][120][121][122] (Fig. 5a).…”

Section: Direct Generation Laser Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Invited Review Article: Current State of Research on Biological Effects of Terahertz Radiation

Wilmink

Grundt

2011

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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271

186

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“…The Terahertz (THz) region of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is defined as frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 10 THz. Historically, fewer sources have been available for the THz region than for neighboring infrared (IR) and microwave spectral bands; however, over the past decade, numerous sources have been developed 1–22. These sources have proven to be valuable tools, and have provided solutions to a host of basic research problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro investigation of the biological effects associated with human dermal fibroblasts exposed to 2.52 THz radiation

et al. 2010

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“…5). To calculate the theoretical THz reflectivity and dielectric parameters of normal skin, the FEMbased iterative approximation method is used and initialized at the certain values of n eff and α eff [20], which are respectively shown in Figs. 6(a) and 6(b) by the black hollow circles.…”

Section: Sensing Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-dependent skin penetration depth of terahertz radiation determined by water sorption–desorption

You¹,

Chen²,

Yu³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

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A multilayered water-skin model is used to experimentally verify a new sensing method for determining the skin penetration depth of radiation with 0.1-0.9 terahertz (THz) frequencies. A water overlayer is dripped on a skin sample to form a multilayered structure for dynamically measuring the reflected THz-wave amplitude during water desorption. Skin penetration depths can be successfully derived by using the multilayered water-skin model and by considering the measured reflectivity, water dielectric constants, and effective thicknesses of the water overlayer on the skin sample. The maximum penetration depth is approximately 0.3 mm and is obtained with wave frequencies of 0.4-0.6 THz. This penetration depth encompasses the stratum corneum (SC) and part of the epidermis. The high penetration depth of 0.4-0.6 THz waves is also confirmed in the dried and damaged SC.

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Measurement of the optical properties of skin using terahertz time-domain spectroscopic techniques

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Invited Review Article: Current State of Research on Biological Effects of Terahertz Radiation

Invited Review Article: Current State of Research on Biological Effects of Terahertz Radiation

In vitro investigation of the biological effects associated with human dermal fibroblasts exposed to 2.52 THz radiation

Frequency-dependent skin penetration depth of terahertz radiation determined by water sorption–desorption

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