Measurement of the Motion Range in the Loaded Ankle

Lindsjö, U; Danckwardt-Lillieström, G; Sahlstedt, Bo

doi:10.1097/00003086-198510000-00010

Cited by 97 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…In view of these circumstances and since weight-bearing measurements are easier to standardize and offer good reproducibility, we felt justified to disregard the subtalar influence. Ankle range of motion in our study will exceed values reported for nonloaded joints (24).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Alignment and Joint Motion in the Normal Foot

Åström¹,

Arvidson²

1995

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Alignment and Joint Motion in the Normal Foot

Åström¹,

Arvidson²

1995

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…Previous investigators have also preferred this non-weight-bearing position because a therapist can sit in a chair and make the measurement. 30 However, other reports 15 indicate that ADFROM may have been greater with the subjects standing in a weight-bearing position and thus duplicating the position of the wall stretch. Additionally, in the weight-bearing position the subject could be asked to simultaneously contract the ankle joint dorsiflexor muscles and help to inhibit the lengthened calf MTU by reciprocal inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effect of Static Stretching of the Calf Muscle-Tendon Unit on Active Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion

Youdas

Krause

Egan

et al. 2003

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Study Design: Masked randomized trial. Objective: To examine the effects of a 6-week program of static stretching of the calf muscle-tendon unit (MTU) on active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ADFROM) in healthy subjects. Background: Static stretching of the calf MTU is often prescribed to increase flexibility in patients with shortened connective tissues or to maintain ADFROM in healthy individuals. Presently, physical therapists lack specific information on the optimal dosage of calf MTU stretching necessary to produce improvement in ADFROM. Methods and Measures: One hundred one adults (63 women, 38 men; mean age ± SD, 40.0 ± 10.9 years; range, 21-59) with no visual evidence of gait impairment due to lower-extremity dysfunction participated in the study. Active ADFROM was measured with a universal goniometer. Participants were randomly assigned to group 1, no stretch controls (n = 24), or to 1 of 3 experimental groups carrying out a 6-week program of standing wall stretches once per day: individuals in group 2 stretched for 30 seconds (n = 26); individuals in group 3 stretched for 1 minute (n = 24); individuals in group 4 stretched for 2 minutes (n = 27). Results: After 6 weeks, the results of an analysis of variance found no effect of treatment on active ADFROM. Conclusion:The results of this study show that a 6-week program of once-per-day static stretching for up to 2 minutes is not sufficient to increase active ADFROM in healthy subjects. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2003;33:408-417

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“…During normal gait, about 10° of dorsiflexion is needed during the stance phase and toe-off. [6][7][8] Dorsiflexion of more than 10° is used when going downstairs, kneeling, and in many sports activities. For example, in athletes, Lindsjo et al 6 believe that a loaded range of dorsiflexion of 20° to 30° is necessary.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8] Dorsiflexion of more than 10° is used when going downstairs, kneeling, and in many sports activities. For example, in athletes, Lindsjo et al 6 believe that a loaded range of dorsiflexion of 20° to 30° is necessary. In infants and children, greater mobility and flexibility may be present than in adults, and in the newborn the foot can sometimes be dorsiflexed so that the toes and dorsum of the foot touch the skin over the tibia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited dorsiflexion predisposes to injuries of the ankle in children

Tabrizi

McIntyre

Quesnel

et al. 2000

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume

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Injuries to the ankle are common in children. We investigated whether decreased dorsiflexion predisposes to such fractures and sprains. Passive dorsiflexion in children with ankle injuries was compared with that in a control group of patients with a normal ankle. The uninjured side was examined to determine flexibility in those patients with ankle injuries. In 82, the mean dorsiflexion was 5.7° with the knee extended and 11.2° with the knee flexed. In 85 controls, the mean dorsiflexion was 12.8° with the knee extended and 21.5° with the knee flexed (p < 0.001, Student's t-test). There was a strong association between decreased ankle dorsiflexion and injury in children. A flexible triceps surae appeared to absorb energy and protect the bone and ligaments, while stiffness predisposed to injury. We suggest that children with tight calf muscles should undergo a regimen of stretching exercises to improve their flexibility. decreased range of ankle movement may predispose to these injuries. In the normal ankle, the range of dorsiflexion is 8° to 26°5 past the anatomical position, i.e., with the foot at right angles to the linear axis of the leg. During normal gait, about 10° of dorsiflexion is needed during the stance phase and toe-off.6-8 Dorsiflexion of more than 10° is used when going downstairs, kneeling, and in many sports activities. For example, in athletes, Lindsjo et al 6 believe that a loaded range of dorsiflexion of 20° to 30° is necessary. In infants and children, greater mobility and flexibility may be present than in adults, and in the newborn the foot can sometimes be dorsiflexed so that the toes and dorsum of the foot touch the skin over the tibia.We have frequently noted diminished ankle dorsiflexion secondary to tightness of the triceps surae in growing children. Our hypothesis is that flexibility of the triceps surae has a protective effect against injuries to the ankle. When subjected to loading, energy is dissipated gradually by a prolonged, eccentric muscle contraction, preventing injury. In a computerised search of the medical literature, we were unable to find any research which has tested this hypothesis. Therefore, we have attempted to ascertain if decreased dorsiflexion of the ankle secondary to tight musculature of the calf is associated with an increased incidence of injury to the ankle. Patients and MethodsWe measured dorsiflexion of the ankle in a consecutive series of 82 patients with fractures or sprains at this joint seen at a children's hospital. A control group consisted of patients seen in the orthopaedic clinic and plaster room mostly with injuries to the upper limbs. In the control group patients were excluded if they had had a previous injury to the lower limb which required medical attention or had other confounding conditions, such as a deformity of or surgery on the lower limb, or a neuromuscular disorder.In the patients with fractures and sprains of the ankle, pain and inaccessibility of the ankle because of a cast or splint, limited our examination to the uninjured ankle. I...

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Measurement of the Motion Range in the Loaded Ankle

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

Alignment and Joint Motion in the Normal Foot

Alignment and Joint Motion in the Normal Foot

The Effect of Static Stretching of the Calf Muscle-Tendon Unit on Active Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion

Limited dorsiflexion predisposes to injuries of the ankle in children

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