Measurement of the Liver Extracellular Space In Vivo in Dogs

Abstract

To obtain a reasonable estimate in vivo of the liver extracellular space (ECS) in intact, non-exsanguinated dogs, the distribution volumes of a variety of radioactive tracers were obtained as a function of time. 36Cl, 14C- and 3H-inulin, 125I-albumin, 51Cr-red cells, and endogenous 35Cl distribution volumes were obtained in liver from 5 min to 4 h. The 36Cl space was stable and reproducible at 29.0%, a value similar to the endogenous 35Cl (28.2%) and 5 min 14C-inulin (29.9%) spaces. The 36Cl space may be used as the upper limit of liver ECS, whereas the inulin space exceeds this value after 5 min and progressively increases. Electrolyte concentrations in liver cell water are calculated using the 36Cl space of 29% as the liver ECS. The advantages of using 36Cl over other methods to determine liver ECS in intact animals are discussed.

Reperfusion Injury of the Liver: Role of Mitochondria and Protection by Glutathione Ester

“…In order to evaluate the effect of ischemia and reperfusion on the extravascular space of the liver [18] 12.5 Ci of [ 3 H] inulin was administered intravenously to some animals after ischemia and 55 min of reperfusion. Five minutes later an arterial blood sample was obtained and parts of the continuously perfused and of the ischemic and reperfused liver were removed and homogenized.…”

Treatment of Lactic Acidosis with Dichloroacetate in Dogs

“…Diabetes was induced by surgical pancreatectomy (14). Diabetic dogs, plasma glucose at least 17.5 mM, were then maintained for [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In groups 2, 3, and 4, the abdomen was opened via a midline abdominal incision, and, when appropriate, polyethylene cannulas were placed in the aorta via the femoral artery, the inferior vena cava via the femoral vein, in the hepatic portal (HPV) vein via a branch of the splenic vein, and in the hepatic vein (HV) via the jugular vein. Both the HPV and hepatic artery (HA) were enclosed via a Statham flowmeter (Gould Statham blood flowmeter, model SP 2202, Gould, Inc., Medical Products Div., Oxnard, CA) cuff that was used to measure hepatic and splanchnic blood flow.…”

“…In groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, the above were also measured in the HV and vena cava. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured in both liver and skeletal muscle using '4C-labeled 5,5'dimethyloxazolidinedione (DMO, New England Nuclear, Boston, MA) as previously described (16,17).…”