Measurement of the in-plane temperature field on the build plate during polymer extrusion additive manufacturing using infrared thermometry

Prajapati, Hardikkumar; Salvi, Swapnil S.; Ravoori, Darshan; Jain, Ankur

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106866

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It is worth mentioning that although the surface tension of the polymer melt controls the interlayer bonding process on the print bed, for the sake of clarity in the illustration it is assumed that the surface tension forces are negligible and only the rheological aspects of the process are emphasized. The thermomechanical and rheological characteristics as well as the localized thermal history associated with the deposited layers strongly affect the healing across the interface in MatEx printed parts and thereby control their mechanical properties. , Detailed information regarding the thermal history related to both interlayer and intralayer bonding are essential to ensure decent printed part properties and several experimental techniques have been developed to specifically monitor the thermal profile during printing of the deposited layers on the print bed. ,, …”

Section: Importance Of Polymer Rheology In Materials Extrusion Based Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…93,135 Detailed information regarding the thermal history related to both interlayer and intralayer bonding are essential to ensure decent printed part properties and several experimental techniques have been developed to specifically monitor the thermal profile during printing of the deposited layers on the print bed. 116,136,137 Sintering Models and Printed Part Properties. As is the case with other processing techniques, upon the deposition of successive layers during MatEx interlayer bonding takes place between the adjacent layers through a combination of surface wetting, neck growth, and interfacial polymer chain diffusion and entanglements.…”

Section: J T T T T ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of Polymer Rheology on Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing: Correlating Process Physics to Print Properties

Das

Gilmer

Biria

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

151

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Recent advances in the field of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing, have garnered serious interest for its potential to substitute time-consuming and costly subtractive and formative manufacturing techniques. Material extrusion (MatEx), employing filament and pelletbased feedstocks, is an AM technique for fabricating three-dimensional objects dictated by a computer-aided design (CAD) file in a layer-by-layer manner. Being inherently a "melt-and-form" technique, the physics of MatEx is strongly dependent on the melt flow behavior of the polymers and hence on their rheology. The focus of this review article is to analyze the current progress in rheological characterizations of filament and pellet-based polymeric feedstocks for application in MatEx. The importance of shear and temperature-dependent viscosities in relation to consistent extrusion through the print nozzle and in the standoff region between nozzle and bed will be highlighted. The importance of shear and/or extensional viscosities and extent of die swell (upon exit from the nozzle) experienced by the polymers under processing parameters relevant to MatEx will be investigated. Postextrusion from the nozzle, the rheological characteristics of the viscous polymer melt as it cools once deposited on the print bed governs the degree of interlayer welding, that impacts the mechanical performance of the printed parts. Controlling and monitoring rheological properties such as zero-shear viscosities and shear moduli of the melt is of significant importance in this region in order to ensure proper mechanical robustness and shape integrity of the deposited layers. Both experimental and theoretical approaches based on polymer chain reptation mechanisms will be reviewed in detail and suggestions to address the existing limitations associated with the process will be provided. Fundamental understanding of the correlation between the classical theories and current understanding based on recent experimentation and analysis is expected to assist the design and development of the next generation of polymer feedstocks and machine designs for MatEx-based AM.

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Section: Importance Of Polymer Rheology In Materials Extrusion Based Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: J T T T T ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Polymer Rheology on Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing: Correlating Process Physics to Print Properties

Das

Gilmer

Biria

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the most well-known additive manufacturing processes is material extrusion, where spooled polymers are extruded through a heated nozzle moving horizontally (x-y axes) while the bed moves vertically (z axis), allowing a part to be manufactured by laying down layer upon layer of the melted material [ 2 ]. These processes are studied by means of different approaches like the applications of neural network in the deposition paths [ 6 ], thermal stability [ 7 ], configuration parameters [ 8 , 9 ], increase of the pressure in the deposition of the material using roller pressure [ 10 ], measurement of the in-plane (XY) temperature field on the build plate [ 11 ], or difference in toolpath planning [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this project, the influences of the main FFF printing parameters were studied by the characterization of different materials subjected to destructive uniaxial tensile tests [ 7 , 8 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Even though there is still not an abundant number of publications referring to these emerging technologies, with regard to specific processes using the FFF technique, a large number of studies have been conducted to analyze the behaviors of specimens using different criteria, highlighting the porosity [ 46 , 47 ], dimensional accuracy [ 48 , 49 , 50 ], influence of temperature [ 11 ] and the rheological behavior [ 51 ], coating and impregnation of reinforcement fibers [ 52 , 53 , 54 ], part distortion [ 55 , 56 ], Domingo-Espin et al on fatigue behavior [ 57 , 58 ], and bond formation [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Infill Pattern on Mechanical Behavior of Polymeric and Composites Specimens Manufactured Using Fused Filament Fabrication Technology

2021

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This paper presents the results of a comparative evaluation of the tensile strength behaviors of parts obtained by additive manufacturing using fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology. The study investigated the influences of the deposition printing parameters for both polymers and fiber-reinforced polymers. Polymeric materials that are widely used in FFF were selected, including acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and nylon. Carbon and glass continuous fibers were used to reinforce the nylon matrix in composite materials. The study utilized two manufacturing methods. Polymers were manufactured using an Ultimaker 2 Extended+ device and the fiber-reinforced polymer specimens were obtained using a Markforged Mark Two printer. The entire set of specimens was eventually subjected to destructive monoaxial tensile tests to measure their responses. The main goal of this study was to estimate the effect of the different infill patterns applied (zig-zag, concentric, and four different orientations lines) on the mechanical properties of pure thermoplastic materials and reinforced polymers. Results show a spectacular increase in the tensile stress at break, which for polymers reaches an average value of 27.53 MPa compared to 94.51 MPa in the case of composites (increase of 70.87%). A similar increase occurs in the case of tensile stress at yield with values of 31.87 MPa and 105.98 MPa, respectively, which represents an increase of 69.93%. The influence of the infill of the fiber is decisive, reaching, in the 0-0 arrangement, mean values of 220.18 MPa for tensile stress at break and 198.26 MPa for tensile stress at yield.

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“…In an extrusion-based polymer additive manufacturing system, a thermoplastic material, in the form of a filament or pellets, is heated above the melting point inside the extrusion chamber and extruded out of the nozzle by applying pressure, mechanical forces or using a screw [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In the field of biomanufacturing, extrusion-based processes are extensively used for the fabrication of biodegradable and biocompatible 3D porous tissue engineering scaffolds or cell-laden constructs [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Stage Thermal Modelling of Extrusion-Based Polymer Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2023

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Additive manufacturing is one the most promising fabrication strategies for the fabrication of bone tissue scaffolds using biodegradable semi-crystalline polymers. During the fabrication process, polymeric material in a molten state is deposited in a platform and starts to solidify while cooling down. The build-up of consecutive layers reheats the previously deposited material, introducing a complex thermal cycle with impacts on the overall properties of printed scaffolds. Therefore, the accurate prediction of these thermal cycles is significantly important to properly design the additively manufactured polymer scaffolds and the bonding between the layers. This paper presents a novel multi-stage numerical model, integrating a 2D representation of the dynamic deposition process and a 3D thermal evolution model to simulate the fabrication process. Numerical simulations show how the deposition velocity controls the spatial dimensions of the individual deposition layers and the cooling process when consecutive layers are deposited during polymer printing. Moreover, numerical results show a good agreement with experimental results.

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Measurement of the in-plane temperature field on the build plate during polymer extrusion additive manufacturing using infrared thermometry

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Importance of Polymer Rheology on Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing: Correlating Process Physics to Print Properties

Importance of Polymer Rheology on Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing: Correlating Process Physics to Print Properties

Influence of Infill Pattern on Mechanical Behavior of Polymeric and Composites Specimens Manufactured Using Fused Filament Fabrication Technology

Multi-Stage Thermal Modelling of Extrusion-Based Polymer Additive Manufacturing

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