Measurement of the generalized spin polarizabilities of the neutron in the low-Q2 region

Sulkosky, V.; Peng, C.; Chen, J.-P.; Deur, A.; Abrahamyan, Sergey; Aniol, K.; Armstrong, David; Averett, T.; Bailey, S. L.; Beck, A.; Bertin, P.Y.; Butaru, F.; Boeglin, W.; Camsonne, A.; Cates, G. D.; Cc, Chang; Choi, S.; Chudakov, E.; Coman, L.; Cornejo, J. C.; Craver, B.; Cusanno, F.; Лео, Р. Де; Jager, C. W. de; Denton, Joseph D.; Dhamija, S.; Feuerbach, R. J.; Finn, J. M.; Frullani, S.; Fuoti, K.; H, Gao; Garibaldi, F.; Gayou, O.; Gilman, R.; Glamazdin, A.; Glashausser, C.; Gómez, J.; Hansen, J.‐O.; Hayes, D.; Hersman, B.; Higinbotham, D. W.; Holmstrom, T.; Humensky, T. B.; Hyde, Charles; Ibrahim, H.; Iodice, M.; Jiang, X.; Kaufman, L. J.; Kelleher, A.; Keister, K. Ellen; Kim, W.; Kolarkar, A.; Kolb, N. R.; Korsch, W.; Kramer, K.; Kumbartzki, G.; Lagamba, L.; Lainé, V.; Laveissière, G.; LeRose, J.; Lhuillier, D.; Lindgren, R.; Liyanage, N.; Lü, H. J.; Ma, Bo; Margaziotis, D. J.; Markowitz, P.; McCormick, K.; Meziane, M.; Meziani, Z. E.; Michaels, R.; Moffit, B.; Monaghan, Peter; Nanda, S.; Niedziela, Jennifer L.; Niskin, M.; Pandolfi, Ronald; Paschke, K.; Potokar, M.; Puckett, A. J. R.; Punjabi, V.; Qiang, Y.; Ransome, R. D.; Reitz, B.; Roché, R.; Saha, A.; Shabetai, A.; Širca, S.; Singh, J.; Slifer, K.; Snyder, R.; Solvignon, P.; Stringer, R.; Subedi, R.; Tobias, W. A.; Ton, N.; Ulmer, P.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Vacheret, A.; Voutier, E.; Wang, K.; Wan, L.; Wojtsekhowski, B.; Woo, Sung-Ho; Yao, H.; Yuan, Jing; Zhan, X.; Zheng, X.; Zhu, Lingyan

doi:10.1038/s41567-021-01245-9

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…They pose a challenge to the chiral effective field theory, the prevalent effective theory for the strong interaction, and they serve as high-precision benchmark data for the upcoming lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations. The measurements of the proton's electromagnetic generalized polarizabilities complement the counterpart of the spin-dependent generalized polarizabilities of the nucleon [43][44][45] . Together, the two components of the generalized polarizabilities provide a puzzling picture of the nucleon's dynamics that emerge at long-distance scales.…”

Section: Figure 2 Feynman Diagrams Of Photon Electroproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured proton electromagnetic structure deviates from theoretical predictions

Sparveris

Atac

et al. 2022

Nature

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The visible world is founded on the proton, the only composite building block of matter that is stable in nature. Consequently, understanding the formation of matter relies on explaining the dynamics and the properties of the proton's bound state. A fundamental property of the proton involves the system's response to an external electromagnetic (EM) field. It is characterized by the EM polarizabilities 1 that describe how easily the charge and magnetization distributions inside the system are distorted by the EM field. Moreover, the generalized polarizabilities 2 map out the resulting deformation of the densities in a proton subject to an EM field. They reveal essential information regarding the underlying system dynamics and provide a key for decoding the proton structure in terms of the theory of the strong interaction that binds its elementary quark and gluon constituents together. Of particular interest is a puzzle in the proton's electric generalized polarizability that remains unresolved for two decades 2 . Here we report measurements of the proton's EM generalized polarizabilities at low four-momentum transfer squared. We show evidence of an anomaly to the behaviour of the proton's electric generalized polarizability that contradicts the predictions of nuclear theory and we derive its signature in the spatial distribution of the induced polarization in the proton. The reported measurements suggest the presence of a novel, not yet understood dynamical mechanism in the proton and present significant challenges to the nuclear theory.

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Section: Figure 2 Feynman Diagrams Of Photon Electroproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured proton electromagnetic structure deviates from theoretical predictions

Sparveris

Atac

et al. 2022

Nature

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“…Recent chiral effective field theory modeling has been shown to be inadequate for describing certain aspects of neutron spin at very low energies 1 . Chiral effective field theory 2 is derived from quantum chromodynamics (QCD) 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground State Quantum Vortex Proton Model

et al. 2023

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A novel photon-based proton model is developed. A proton's ground state is assumed to be coherent to the degree that all of its mass-energy precipitates into a single uncharged spherical structure. A quantum vortex, initiated by the strong nuclear force, but sustained in the proton's ground state by the circular Unruh effect and a spherical Rindler horizon, is proposed to confine the proton's massenergy in its ground state. A direct connection between the circular Unruh effect, the zitterbewegung effect, spin, and general relativity is proposed. Such a structure acts as an uncharged zitterbewegung fermion, and may explain neutrino mass. A ground-state proton's central zitterbewegung fermion is assumed to be surrounded by a halo of charge shells of both signs. Virtual photon standing waves are assumed to synchronize the inner shell with the central zitterbewegung fermion. The charge shells are proposed to be associated with isospin and proton g-factor. There are only two model inputs-proton mass and quantized electronic charge-and just one adjustable parameter. The adjustable parameter, reduced only by about 0.4% from an initial estimate, provides the proton's experimentally determined magnetic moment to arbitrary precision. The resulting modeled proton charge radius agrees very well with the 2018 CODATA value. Magnetic moment and charge radius are calculated algebraically in a manner easily understood by undergraduate physics students. This proposed ground-state proton model could be falsified by future experimental proton charge radius estimates, and could be considered a low-energy approximation to a full quantum chromodynamical proton model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground state quantum vortex proton model

Verrall

Atkins

Kaminsky

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A novel photon-based proton model is developed. A proton’s ground state is assumed to be coherent to the degree that all of its mass-energy precipitates into a single uncharged spherical structure. A quantum vortex, initiated by the strong nuclear force, but sustained in the proton's ground state by the circular Unruh effect and a spherical Rindler horizon, is proposed to confine the proton's mass-energy in its ground state. A direct connection between the circular Unruh effect, the zitterbewegung effect, spin, and general relativity is proposed. Such a structure acts as an uncharged zitterbewegung fermion, and may explain neutrino mass. A ground-state proton's central zitterbewegung fermion is assumed to be surrounded by a halo of charge shells of both signs. Virtual photon standing waves are assumed to synchronize the inner shell with the central zitterbewegung fermion. The charge shells are proposed to be associated with isospin and proton g-factor. There are only two model inputs—proton mass and quantized electronic charge—and just one adjustable parameter. The adjustable parameter, reduced only by about 0.4% from an initial estimate, provides the proton’s experimentally determined magnetic moment to arbitrary precision. The resulting modeled proton charge radius agrees very well with the 2018 CODATA value. Magnetic moment and charge radius are calculated algebraically in a manner easily understood by undergraduate physics students. This proposed ground-state proton model could be falsified by future experimental proton charge radius estimates, and could be considered a low-energy approximation to a full quantum chromodynamical proton model.

show abstract

Measurement of the generalized spin polarizabilities of the neutron in the low-Q2 region

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Measured proton electromagnetic structure deviates from theoretical predictions

Measured proton electromagnetic structure deviates from theoretical predictions

Ground State Quantum Vortex Proton Model

Ground state quantum vortex proton model

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