Measurement of the flux and energy spectrum of cosmic-ray induced neutrons on the ground

Gordon, Michael S.; Goldhagen, P.; Rodbell, K. P.; Zabel, T.H.; Tang, H.H.K.; Clem, J.; Bailey, Paul D.

doi:10.1109/tns.2004.839134

Cited by 364 publications

(363 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A simulation is performed by adopting the neutron energy spectrum from Ref. [42] as an input. Although it is a neutron measurement in New York city, it can serve as a reasonable approximation by taking just the shape of the neutron energy spectrum with the intensity to be determined later by comparing the simulated detector response to the experimental data.…”

Section: Light Output Response To Fast Neutronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a simulation result by adopting the incident neutron flux from Ref. [42]. The energy threshold of the input neutrons is set to be 4 MeV.…”

Section: A Simulation Of Muons and The Muon-induced Secondariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reconstructed neutron energy spectrum from the Monte Carlo simulation can be expressed using an analytic model suggested in Ref. [42]:…”

Section: A Simulation Of Muons and The Muon-induced Secondariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring muon-induced neutrons with liquid scintillation detector at Soudan mine

Zhang

Mei

2014

Phys. Rev. D

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We report a direct detection of muon-induced high energy neutrons with a 12-liter neutron detector fabricated with EJ-301 liquid scintillator operating at Soudan Mine for about two years. The detector response to energy from a few MeV up to ∼ 20 MeV has been calibrated using radioactive sources and cosmic-ray muons. Subsequently, we have calculated the scintillation efficiency for nuclear recoils, up to a few hundred MeV, using Birks' law in the Monte Carlo simulation. Data from an exposure of 655.1 days were analyzed and neutron-induced recoil events were observed in the energy region from 4 MeV to 50 MeV, corresponding to fast neutrons with kinetic energy up to a few hundred MeV, depending on the scattering angle. Combining with the Monte Carlo simulation, the measured muon-induced fast neutron flux is determined to be (2.23 ± 0.52(sta.) ± 0.99(sys.)) × 10 −9 cm −2 s −1 (En > 20 MeV), in a reasonable agreement with the model prediction. The muon flux is found to be (1.65 ± 0.02(sta.) ± 0.1(sys.)) × 10 −7 cm −2 s −1 (Eµ > 1 GeV), consistent with other measurements. As a result, the muon-induced high energy gamma-ray flux is simulated to be 7.08 ×10 −7 cm −2 s −1 (Eγ > 1 MeV) for the depth of Soudan.

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Section: Light Output Response To Fast Neutronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a simulation result by adopting the incident neutron flux from Ref. [42]. The energy threshold of the input neutrons is set to be 4 MeV.…”

Section: A Simulation Of Muons and The Muon-induced Secondariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring muon-induced neutrons with liquid scintillation detector at Soudan mine

Zhang

Mei

2014

Phys. Rev. D

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“…(feet) / 5000(feet) (1) as derived from more detailed cosmic ray flux models [16]. The equation is used to directly scale the duration spent at a given altitude to an equivalent duration of time spent at sea level.…”

Section: Cosmic Ray Exposure Calculatormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Majorana Parts Tracking Database

Abgrall

Aguayo

Avignone

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The Majorana Demonstrator is an ultra-low background physics experiment searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of 76 Ge. The Majorana Parts Tracking Database is used to record the history of components used in the construction of the Demonstrator. The tracking implementation takes a novel approach based on the schema-free database technology CouchDB. Transportation, storage, and processes undergone by parts such as machining or cleaning are linked to part records. Tracking parts provides a great logistics benefit and an important quality assurance reference during construction. In addition, the location history of parts provides an estimate of their exposure to cosmic radiation. A web application for data entry and a radiation exposure calculator have been developed as tools for achieving the extreme radio-purity required for this rare decay search.

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“…One generally distinguishes thermal neutrons (interacting with 10 B isotopes potentially present in circuit materials, but progressively removed from technological processes [5]) and high-energy atmospheric neutrons (up to the GeV scale). Figure 1 (top) shows the typical energy distribution of atmospheric neutrons, ranging from thermal energies to 1 GeV, as measured by Goldhagen et al [21] using a Bonner multi-sphere spectrometer at the reference location (New-York City, NYC). The integration of this spectrum, also shown in Figure 1 (bottom), gives the total neutron flux expressed in neutrons per square centimeter and per hour: this flux is equal to 7.6 n/cm 2 /h for the lower part (thermal and epithermal neutrons below 1 eV), 16 n/cm 2 /h for the intermediate part (between 1 eV and 1 MeV) and 20 n/cm 2 /h for the upper part (high energy neutrons above 1 MeV).…”

Section: Atmospheric Radiation Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%