Measurement of the Density of Binary Ni-X (X=Co, W, Ta, Al) Alloys

Mukai, Kusuhiro; Fang, Liang; Li, Zushu; Xiao, Feng

doi:10.2320/matertrans.45.1754

Cited by 17 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[4,5,6] In the present study, both MSDM and MPM have been used to determine the densities of three commercial Ni-based superalloys in the liquid and mushy states. The surface tensions of these three liquid Ni-based superalloys have also been measured by the sessile drop method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the density and surface tension of Ni-based superalloys in the liquid and mushy states

Mills

McLean

et al. 2005

Metall Mater Trans B

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The densities of three Ni-based superalloys have been measured in both liquid and mushy states by both a modified sessile drop method (MSDM) and a modified pycnometric method (MPM) for alloys CMSX-4 and CM186LC, and for CMSX-10 alloy by MSDM only. The surface tensions of liquid CMSX-4, CM186LC, and CMSX-10 superalloys were measured using the sessile drop method. All measurements were carried out in a highly purified argon atmosphere with the oxygen partial pressure of less than 10 Ϫ19 MPa in the gas outlet. The densities of all superalloys in both liquid and mushy states were found to decrease with increasing temperature. The volume thermal expansion of each superalloy in the mushy state was found to be higher than that in the liquid state. The densities determined by different methods have been critically assessed and recommended values in both liquid and mushy states are given as a linear function of temperature for the three Ni-based superalloys. The surface tension of liquid CMSX-4 superalloy was found to decrease with increasing temperature, while that of liquid CMSX-10 superalloy increases with increasing temperature. The wetting behavior of liquid CM186LC on the alumina substrate was found (1) to differ significantly from that of CMSX-4 and CMSX-10 and (2) to vary with time. A HfO 2 -rich layer was found in the contact area of CM186LC with the alumina substrate, which could lead to some uncertainty in the value obtained for the surface tension determined for CM186LC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the density and surface tension of Ni-based superalloys in the liquid and mushy states

Mills

McLean

et al. 2005

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…[5][6][7] In this paper, both MSDM and MPM were employed to measure the densities of liquid ternary model alloys (Ni-CoAl, molar fraction x Ni :x Co % 86:14, Al mass% = 0$11), liquid quaternary model alloys (Ni-Co-Al-Cr, Ni-Co-Al-Mo and Ni-Cr-Al-Mo), and four commercial Ni-based superalloys in liquid and mushy states. The chemical compositions of these model alloys were similar to those of commercial Nibased superalloys.…”

Section: -7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there are very few reports on the measurement of the density of Ni-based alloys in relation to the effects of composition and temperature. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] There are no reports on the measurement of the densities of liquid Ni-based multi-component model alloys such as ternary and quaternary alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Densities of Nickel-Based Ternary, Quaternary and Commercial Alloys

Mukai

Fang

2004

Mater. Trans.

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The modified sessile drop method (MSDM) and the modified pycnometric method (MPM) have been employed to measure precisely the densities of liquid nickel-based ternary (Ni-Co-Al) and quaternary (Ni-Co-Al-Cr, Ni-Co-Al-Mo, Ni-Cr-Al-Mo) alloys and four commercial superalloys in liquid and mushy states. There was a good agreement between the values measured by the two methods. The measured densities of liquid model alloys and commercial superalloys in liquid and mushy states decreased linearly with increasing temperature for the experimental temperature range. The temperature coefficient of the density of liquid ternary Ni-Co-Al alloys measured in this work can be represented as a quadratic function of the aluminium concentration in the alloys. The density of liquid Ni-Co-Al alloys can be expressed as a function of both temperature and aluminium concentration in the alloys. The recommended equations for the densities of liquid nickel-based ternary and quaternary alloys and four commercial superalloys in liquid and mushy states were obtained by analysing density values measured by both MSDM and MPM. The calculated values from the recommended density equations show good agreement with those measured by both MSDM and MPM.

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“…For elemental Ni, and the binary Ni-Al and Ni-W systems, the Mukai model reproduces well the directly measured densities obtained at these same compositions and temperatures. [6,7] Thus, for the Ni 500 , Ni 400 Al 100 and Ni 473 W 27 systems, a comparison between the Mukai and AIMD results can be considered as representing a direct comparison between experimental measurements and calculations. For elemental Ni the agreement between measured and calculated values of V is at the level of 1.8% at T=1830 K, and 1.5% at T=1750 K. For Ni-Al and Ni-W, the agreement between experiment and theory is comparable, ranging between 0.6% and 1.5% at the two temperatures.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Mukai et al [6][7][8] performed extensive measurements of the densities of several binary liquid Ni-based alloys, and a few representative ternaries, as functions of c and T . The results of their measurements have been used to develop a thorough parameterization for V (c, T ) in superalloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ab-Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Molten Ni-Based Superalloys (Preprint)

Woodward¹,

Lill²

2011

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information , 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) ABSTRACTIn casting of single-crystal turbine blades for jet engines, the formation of solidification defects has become an increasingly important problem due to the rising levels of refractory elements in Ni-based superalloys. Refractory elements, which are beneficial for high-temperature mechanical properties, enhance density-driven convective instabilities underlying the formation of freckle defects in directional solidification. In support of an effort aimed at the development of validated mathematical criteria for predicting solidification-defect formation in superalloys, ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to calculate volumes of Ni-AI, Ni-W, Ni-Re, Ni-Ta, Ni-Al-Re, NiAl-Ta, Ni-Al-W, and complex chemistries approximating RENE-N4 melts. Introduction : In casting of single-crystal turbine blades for jet engines, the formation of solidification defects has become an increasingly important problem due to the rising levels of refractory elements in Ni-based superalloys. Refractory elements, which are beneficial for high-temperature mechanical properties, enhance density-driven convective instabilities underlying the formation of freckle defects in directional solidification. In support of an effort aimed at the development of validated mathematical criteria for predicting solidification-defect formation in superalloys, ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to calculate volumes of Ni-Al, Ni-W, Ni-Re, Ni-Ta, Ni-Al-Re, Ni-Al-Ta, Ni-Al-W and complex chemistries approximating RENE-N4 melts. SUBJECT TERMSObjective : Derive physical quantities related to the formation of highly mis-oriented grains during the solidification of single-crystal Ni-based superalloys. During directional solidification, the mass-density difference between the hot liquid near the solid-liquid interface and the cooler melt at the top and side-walls of the casting, is the driving force for convection and associated formation of solidification defects. This mass-density difference originates from both the composition and temperature d...

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Measurement of the Density of Binary Ni-X (X=Co, W, Ta, Al) Alloys

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Measurement of the density and surface tension of Ni-based superalloys in the liquid and mushy states

Measurement of the density and surface tension of Ni-based superalloys in the liquid and mushy states

Measurement of the Densities of Nickel-Based Ternary, Quaternary and Commercial Alloys

Ab-Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Molten Ni-Based Superalloys (Preprint)

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