Measurement of the clothing ventilation index

Birnbaum, Rachel; Crockford, G. W.

doi:10.1016/0003-6870(78)90079-0

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The first method, originally developed by Birnbaum and Crockford (1978) blows in a gas (usually Nitrogen) under the clothing that displaces the oxygen present in the microclimate. When this gas supply is switched off, oxygen from the ambient air re-enters the clothing by ventilation and diffusion, and the time constant of the oxygen concentration change in the microclimate can be used to quantify the ventilation (Ueda et al 2002).…”

Section: Direct Measurement Of Ventilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory assessment of cold weather clothing

Havenith

2009

Textiles for Cold Weather Apparel

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Section: Direct Measurement Of Ventilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory assessment of cold weather clothing

Havenith

2009

Textiles for Cold Weather Apparel

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“…Methods for the measurement of clothing ventilation have been developed and proven successful for the evaluation of PPC [25][26][27][28][29] . For comparison of alternative designs of a garment, the tracegas technique, appears to present a quick and reliable technique.…”

Section: ) Microclimate Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Clothing in Hot Environments

2006

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The high level of protection required by personal protective clothing (PPC) severely impedes heat exchange by sweat evaporation. As a result work associated with wearing PPC, particularly in hot environments, implies considerable physiological strain and may render workers exhausted in a short time. Recent development of algorithms for describing the heat transfer, accounting for pumping and wind effects, comprises improvement of the prediction of thermal stress. Realistic corrections can then be made to the available measures of thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a given clothing ensemble. Currently this information is incorporated in international standards for assessment of thermal environments. Factors, such as directional radiation and wetting of layers, were studied in a recently completed EU research project. The development of advanced thermal manikins and measurement procedures should provide better measures for predictive models. As with all methods and models, the results need validation in realistic wear trials in order to prove their relevance and accuracy.

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“…Subsequently, air exchange rates between the clothing microclimate and ambient air were measured at the three body regions of chest, back, and upper arm in a climatic chamber with an air velocity of less than 0.3 m s -1 using a tracer gas technique (Birnbaum and Crockford 1978;Bouskill et al, 2002). For this purpose, the concentration of oxygen was reduced from a natural level to approximately 10%, by flushing 100% nitrogen gas into the microclimate under the shirt using a distribution tube system fixed to the surface of the manikin.…”

Section: Clothingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional microclimate humidity of clothing during light work as a result of the interaction between local sweat production and ventilation

Ueda

Inoue

Matsudaira

et al. 2006

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology

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Purpose -The aim of this study is to explore the influence of the clothing ventilation in three body regions on the humidity of the local clothing microclimates under five work-shirts immediately after the onset of sweating in light exercise. Design/methodology/approach -The clothing microclimate ventilations were measured at chest, back and upper arm using a manikin. Separate wear trials were performed to determine the sweat production and the humidity of the clothing microclimate at the same locations as where the ventilation was measured during light exercise. Findings -Every shirt shows the greatest value of ventilation index (VI) for the chest and the smallest one for the upper arm. The values of VI differ remarkably at the chest among the five shirts. Comfort sensation became gradually worse as the time passed after starting exercise. There was no significant difference among the clothing conditions in mean values of rectal temperature, local skin temperatures, microclimate temperatures, microclimate relative humidities and local sweat rates at three regions over 10 min after the onset of sweating. A relationship was observed between the ratio of the mean moisture concentration in the clothing microclimate to the mean sweat rate at the chest and the back and the VI. Originality/value -The results suggest that clothing ventilation should be measured in different body regions in response to sweat rates in corresponding regions.

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Measurement of the clothing ventilation index

Cited by 51 publications

References 2 publications

Laboratory assessment of cold weather clothing

Laboratory assessment of cold weather clothing

Protective Clothing in Hot Environments

Regional microclimate humidity of clothing during light work as a result of the interaction between local sweat production and ventilation

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