Measurement of the anteroposterior translation of the humeral head using MRI

Instrumented Measurement of Glenohumeral Joint Laxity and its Relationship to Passive Range of Motion and Generalized Joint Laxity

“…Evidence of coupled motions at the glenohumeral joint, 5,6,15,20,30,34,43,44 combined with reports of alterations in passive range of motion as a function of extremity dominance or sports participation or both, 2,7,19,23,29 led to the hypothesis that specific passive range of motion values would be strongly correlated with specific directions of glenohumeral joint laxity. This, however, was not the case.…”

Anterior-posterior glenohumeral translation in shoulders with traumatic anterior instability: a systematic review of the literature

“…One measured <1 mm translation with the arm along the side and overhead (elevation and internal rotation) and found no difference between stable and unstable shoulders. 28 The other study found an anterior translation of 2.6 ± 1.1 mm as the arm was elevated from 30° to 90° and in neutral rotation and 3.0 ± 1.1 mm from 30° to 90° elevation and external rotation. A 10 N weight inducing external rotation applied to the abducted shoulder led to a posterior translation of 1.1 ± 0.5 mm in unstable shoulders, thus recentering the humeral head.…”

“… Lippitt (1994) 34 case-control ☆☆☆ ☆☆ 5/9 stars Reportedly accurate within 1 mm in cadavers. MRI Kiss (1997) 28 case-control ☆☆ ☆☆ 4/9 stars Reproducibility from 2 measurements (2 SD): 0.76 mm for internal rotation, 0.28 mm for external rotation, 1.52 mm for overhead position. von Eisenhart-Rothe (2002) 9 case-control ☆☆☆ ☆☆ † ☆☆☆ 8/9 stars N/A CT Kim (2017) 27 case-control ☆☆☆ ☆☆ † ☆☆ 7/9 stars Estimated root-mean-square errors (RMSE): 0.43 mm for the in-plane direction, 1.53 mm for the out-of-plane direction.…”

“…Overlap between all groups. Yes NS MRI Kiss 28 (1997) 0° elevation, max. internal rotation Reference: 0° elevation, neutral rotation.…”