Measurement of the Activity of Fe&lt;SUB&gt;T&lt;/SUB&gt;O in Na&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;O&amp;ndash;CaO&amp;ndash;SiO&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&amp;ndash;Fe&lt;SUB&gt;T&lt;/SUB&gt;O and CaO&amp;ndash;CaCl&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&amp;ndash;Fe&lt;SUB&gt;T&lt;/SUB&gt;O Melts by the EMP Method

Arato, Toshiaki; Tokuda, Masanori; Ohtani, Masayasu

doi:10.2320/matertrans1960.25.649

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…To keep consistency in this study, the symbol of Fe t O, rather than “FeO” or Fe x O, is used to represent iron oxides in the slags. Meanwhile, the mass content of Fe t O can be calculated by

(% F {normale}_{t} O) = (% FeO) + 0.9 (% F {normale}_{2} {normalO}_{3})

based on the total iron conservation method . The activity of iron oxides is represented by

a_{F {normale}_{t} O}

, but not by a FeO or

a_{F {normale}_{x} O}

used in the related references.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The ionic theory of molten slags assumes (1) iron oxides in metallurgical slags are composed of cations Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , and anion O 2− as the ion clusters of Fe 2+ · Fe 3+ · O 2− , in which mass content ratio of Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ , i.e., (% Fe 2+ )/(%Fe 3+ ), is changeable; (2) the oxygen ion in the slags can transfer anion O 2− into molten steel only under the condition of existing cation Fe 2+ in the slags; the iron oxides in the slags can be represented as x FeO·Fe 2 O 3. Therefore, the chemical formula of iron oxides in the slags is represented in various forms by different researchers as “FeO” or Fe x O or Fe t O . To keep consistency in this study, the symbol of Fe t O, rather than “FeO” or Fe x O, is used to represent iron oxides in the slags.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the chemical formula of iron oxides in the slags is represented in various forms by different researchers as “FeO” or Fe x O or Fe t O . To keep consistency in this study, the symbol of Fe t O, rather than “FeO” or Fe x O, is used to represent iron oxides in the slags. Meanwhile, the mass content of Fe t O can be calculated by

(% F {normale}_{t} O) = (% FeO) + 0.9 (% F {normale}_{2} {normalO}_{3})

based on the total iron conservation method .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To represent the slag oxidation ability accurately, a lot of researchers have put their attention on measuring activity of iron oxides in the slags since the 1940s . Two basic methodologies have been widely applied to measure activity of iron oxides in the slags as chemical equilibrium method and electromotive force (EMF) method by an oxygen sensor based on electrochemistry. The chemical reaction equilibrium method can be further divided into two sub‐methods as gas–slag chemical reaction equilibrium method and slag–metal reaction equilibrium method …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the rapid development of ZrO 2 –based solid electrolyte production since the 1960s, the electrochemical galvanic cell technique had been widely used to determine the values of activity

a_{F {normale}_{t} O}

of iron oxides in various slags and activity a %,O of oxygen in molten metal according to the EMF measurement. The basic principles of EMF method can be summarized as that (1) the slags and low melting–point metal, such as Ag, is mixed in a pure iron crucible; (2) the ZrO 2 –based material stabilized by MgO or other oxides is used as solid electrolyte, Mo + MoO 2 mixture is selected as reference electrode material. The electrochemical galvanic cell can be represented as

Mo, Mo + Mo {normalO}_{2} |Zr {normalO}_{2} (MgO)| {(F {normale}_{t} O)}_{slag} + (Fe + Ag), Fe

The EMF value of the galvanic cell E in Equation can be determined as

E = \frac{R T}{F} \ln \frac{{(p_{{normalO}_{2}, ref} true/ p^{Θ})}^{1 true/ 4} + {(p_{normalθ} true/ p^{Θ})}^{1 true/ 4}}{{(p_{{normalO}_{2}, slag} true/ p^{Θ})}^{1 true/ 4} + {(p_{normalθ} true/ p^{Θ})}^{1 true/}}

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Representation of Oxidation Ability for Metallurgical Slags Based on the Ion and Molecule Coexistence Theory

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2013

steel research int.

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The defined oxidation ability of metallurgical slags based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT), i.e., the comprehensive mass action concentration N FetO of iron oxides, has been verified through comparing the calculated N FetO and the reported activity a FetO of iron oxides in the selected Fe t O-containing slag systems. To calculate the defined comprehensive mass action concentration N FetO of iron oxides in the selected slag systems, a thermodynamic model for calculating the mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in CaO-SiO 2 -MgO-FeO-Fe 2 O 3 -MnO-Al 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 type slags, i.e., the IMCT-N i thermodynamic model, has been developed. The defined comprehensive mass action concentration N FetO of iron oxides is more accurate than the measured activity a FetO of iron oxides to represent the slag oxidation ability of the selected Fe t O-containing slag systems. The calculated comprehensive mass action concentration N FetO of iron oxides or the reported activity a FetO of iron oxides in the selected Fe t O-containing slag systems shows an increase tendency with an increase of optical basicity of the slags by taking L FeO as 0.93 and L Fe 2 O 3 as 0.69, or L FeO as 1.0 and L Fe 2 O 3 as 0.75, rather than by taking L FeO as 0.51 and L Fe 2 O 3 as 0.48. The slag oxidation ability represented by the defined comprehensive mass action concentration N FetO of iron oxides or the measured activity a FetO of iron oxides is not only decided by the effects of iron oxides, but also by the comprehensive effects of both iron oxides and basic oxides as CaO or MgO or MnO in the selected Fe t O-containing slag systems.[ Ã ] X.

show abstract

(% F {normale}_{t} O) = (% FeO) + 0.9 (% F {normale}_{2} {normalO}_{3})

based on the total iron conservation method . The activity of iron oxides is represented by

a_{F {normale}_{t} O}

, but not by a FeO or

a_{F {normale}_{x} O}

used in the related references.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(% F {normale}_{t} O) = (% FeO) + 0.9 (% F {normale}_{2} {normalO}_{3})

based on the total iron conservation method .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the rapid development of ZrO 2 –based solid electrolyte production since the 1960s, the electrochemical galvanic cell technique had been widely used to determine the values of activity