Measurement of the absolute fluorescence quantum yield of rhodamine B solution using a dual-beam thermal lens technique

Bindhu, C. V.; Harilal, S. S.; Varier, Geetha K.; Issac, R. C.; Nampoori, V. P. N.; Vallabhan, C. P. G.

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/29/4/022

Cited by 85 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Details of the experimental set up used for the cw thermal lens 7 and pulsed thermal lens 8 are given elsewhere. For a transient thermal lens, 532 nm radiation from a frequency-doubled Qswitched Nd:YAG laser (FWHM 9 ns) was used as the pump source to generate a thermal lens in the medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Excitation Source on the Quantum-Yield Measurements of Rhodamine B Laser Dye Studied Using Thermal-Lens Technique

Bindhu

Harilal

2001

ANAL. SCI.

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Photothermal spectroscopy is a group of highly sensitive methods used to measure the optical absorption and thermal characteristics of a sample. [1][2][3] The basis of photothermal spectroscopy is a photo-induced change in the thermal state of the sample. The advantage of the photothermal technique is that it can be used to investigate the optical properties of materials that are unsuitable with traditional spectrophotometry. In fact, both thermal and fluorescence spectroscopy are complementary: thermal spectroscopy measures the photon energy, which has been converted to heat, while fluorescence spectroscopy observes re-emitted photons. When a medium is illuminated with laser radiation, some of the incident energy is absorbed by the molecules in the ground state, and becoming excited to higher energy states in the process. Following the absorption of a photon, any excess energy of a molecule can be dissipated in many ways.When the decay involves a radiationless process, localized temperature increases are produced, leading to heating of the sample. The thermal fluctuations produced by nonradiative relaxations may be probed optically, since the resulting density change also produces a change in the refractive index. Specifically, the transient refractive index forms an effective lens, which diverges the light as it passes through a sample. This phenomenon is called thermal lensing, and provides a nice example of laser spectroscopy.The fluorescence quantum yield (Qf), one of the key photophysical quantities, is a measure of the rate of nonradiative transitions that compete with the emission of light. The absolute values of Qf of organic laser dyes are practically important, because they are necessary to calculate thresholds for laser action. 4 Measurements based on photothermal effects are capable of giving absolute fluorescence yields of highly fluorescent solutions with high accuracy and reproducibility. In order to evaluate the absolute fluorescence efficiency, we must consider both radiative and nonradiative processes taking place in the medium. Because the contribution from nonradiative processes is not directly measurable using the traditional optical detection methods, thermo-optic techniques, such as photoacoustic (PA) and thermal lens (TL) spectroscopic methods, have been adopted for this purpose. 5,6 In this present study, the sensitivity and viability of photothermal lensing technique were exploited to determine the absolute fluorescence quantum yield of Rhodamine B (RhB) laser dye. The Qf values were found to be strongly influenced by different parameters, like environmental effects, concentration of the dye solution and type of excitation (cw or pulsed) source used for the thermal lens measurements. ExperimentalDetails of the experimental set up used for the cw thermal lens 7 and pulsed thermal lens 8 are given elsewhere. For a transient thermal lens, 532 nm radiation from a frequency-doubled Qswitched Nd:YAG laser (FWHM 9 ns) was used as the pump source to generate a thermal lens in the medium. A 632...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Excitation Source on the Quantum-Yield Measurements of Rhodamine B Laser Dye Studied Using Thermal-Lens Technique

Bindhu

Harilal

2001

ANAL. SCI.

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“…F u and F s are the integral intensity, A U and A s stand for absorption values, n u and n s denote the refractive indexes of the solvents, and subscripts u and s refer to the samples and standard substance, respectively. The fluorescence quantum yield of RhB is 0.82 [26] . 1.2.4 The fluorescence spectrum and RRS spectrum of the combination formed by reaction of CdTe nanocrystals with aminoglycoside antibiotics.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Special characteristics of fluorescence and resonance Rayleigh scattering for cadmium telluride nanocrystal aqueous solution and its interactions with aminoglycoside antibiotics

Liu

et al. 2008

Sci. China Ser. B-Chem.

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CdTe nanocrystals (CdTe NCs) were achieved by reaction of CdCl 2 with KHTe solution and were capped with sodium mercaptoacetate. The product was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), fluorescence spectra, ultraviolet-visible spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The CdTe NCs are of cubic structure and the average size is about 5 nm. The fluorescence quantum yield of CdTe NCs aqueous solution increased from 37% to 97% after 20 d under room light. The maximum λ em of fluorescence changed from 543 nm to 510 nm and the blue shift was 33 nm. CdTe NCs aqueous solution can be steady for at least 10 months at 4 in ℃ a refrigerator. The resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) of CdTe NCs in the aqueous solution was investigated. The maximum scattering peak was located at about 554 nm. The interactions of CdTe NCs with amikacin sulfate (AS) and micronomicin sulfate (MS) were investigated respectively. The effects of AS and MS on fluorescence and RRS of CdTe NCs were analyzed. It was found that AS and MS quenched the photoluminescence of CdTe NCs and enhanced RRS of CdTe NCs. Under optimum conditions, there are linear relationships between quenching intensity (F 0 -F), intensity of RRS (I−I 0 ) and concentration of AS and MS. The detection limits (3б) of AS and MS are respectively 3.4 ng⋅mL −1 and 2.6 ng⋅mL −1 by the fluorescence quenching method, and 15.2 ng⋅mL −1 and 14.0 ng⋅mL −1 by the RRS method. The methods have high sensitivity, thus CdTe NCs may be used as fluorescence probes and RRS probes for the detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics.CdTe nanocrystal, fluorescence characteristics, resonance Rayleigh scattering, amikacin sulfate, micronomicin sulfate In recent years, BⅡ -B semi Ⅵ -conductor nanocrystals (NCs) have become an active field in the research of nanomaterials because of their special physical and chemical properties [1][2][3][4] . It covers not only an intensive study of nanocrystal synthesis, photo-physical and -chemical properties [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] , but also novel applications to LED [12][13][14][15] , biological marking [16][17][18][19][20][21] and fluorescence immunity analysis [22,23] . In the aspect of the fluorescence quantum yield of the cadmium telluride nanocrystals, there is a continuous increase with the improvement of synthesis method [24,25] . However, our researches indicate that if the synthesis conditions and treatment methods can be further studied, the fluorescence quantum yield can be raised further, and applications can be expanded further. Therefore, after carefully examining ref.[24], the raw material and treatment method of nanocry-

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“…As a comparison, for Rhodamine B dye dissolved in methanol, the  values decreased from 0.8 to ~0.1 with increasing concentration in the range of ~10 -5 -10 -3 molar (Bindhu et al, 1996). For CdSe/ZnSe core/shell nanocrystals suspended in organic solvents, the values of = (0.60-0.85) were obtained, as a result of the thicker deposit shell concentration (Reiss et al, 2002); quantum yield values were reported as 0.4-0.6 for CdSe QDs (core-sizes between 2.8 and 5.0 nm), 0.55 for CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS (Donegá et al, 2006) and up to 0.70 for CdTe/CdS MSNs aqueous colloidal solution (Deng et al, 2010).…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 95%

Photothermal Spectroscopic Characterization in CdSe/ZnS and CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots: A Review and New Applications

Pilla¹,

Munin²,

Dantas³

et al. 2012

Quantum Dots - A Variety of New Applications

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Measurement of the absolute fluorescence quantum yield of rhodamine B solution using a dual-beam thermal lens technique

Cited by 85 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of the Excitation Source on the Quantum-Yield Measurements of Rhodamine B Laser Dye Studied Using Thermal-Lens Technique

Effect of the Excitation Source on the Quantum-Yield Measurements of Rhodamine B Laser Dye Studied Using Thermal-Lens Technique

Special characteristics of fluorescence and resonance Rayleigh scattering for cadmium telluride nanocrystal aqueous solution and its interactions with aminoglycoside antibiotics

Photothermal Spectroscopic Characterization in CdSe/ZnS and CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots: A Review and New Applications

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