Measurement of Testicular Volume: Comparison of 3 Different Methods

Taskinen, Seppo; Taavitsainen, M.; Wikström, Sakari

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)66349-3

Cited by 80 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, some studies showed that the different methods to measure testicular size in clinical practice are well comparable and none is superior to any other [13,14]. Since the goal of this study was the comparison of three physicians' measurements of testicular volume, we did not compare the results of Prader orchidometer measurements with any other methods including ultrasound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of pediatric testicular volume with Prader orchidometer: comparison of different hands

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Measurement of testicular volume is a more readily available method of estimating spermatogenesis in adolescence. Traditionally, testicular volumes have been measured with different type of orchidometers or calipers. The most widely used orchidometer is the Prader orchidometer introduced in 1966. This type of orchidometer, a graded series of ellipsoid beads on a string, is used for testicular volume measurement, which is a useful index of puberty in male in order to evaluate male growth and development. Although it is more practical and inexpensive compared with ultrasonography, this instrument has been questioned in regard to its objectiveness in different hands. We designed a prospective clinical study to investigate the correlation between testicular size measurements of three different clinical investigators by using Prader orchidometer. A total of 100 testes in 50 boys with a mean age of 6.4 years (range 1-15 years) who presented to Urology and Pediatrics outpatient clinics of our hospital without urogenital complaints were enrolled to this study. The volumes of each testis were measured independently using Prader orchidometer by three different clinical investigators (A, B and C). Each investigator repeated testicular volume measurements blinded to measurements obtained by others. The measured volumes were recorded separately. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Pearson's correlation (r) to determine the correlation of orchidometer measurements between the examiners. All statistical analyses and power calculations were performed using computer software. Mean testicular volumes measured by three examiners A, B and C were 4.01+/-3.79 ml (SD) (2-18 ml), 3.66+/-3.46 ml (SD) (1-18 ml) and 3.86+/-3.54 ml (SD) (1-18 ml), respectively. The statistical correlation between the measurements of investigator A and B, A and C, and B and C showed a high correlation {r = 0.954 (P< 0.01), r = 0.964 (P < 0.01), and r = 0.979 (P < 0.01)}, respectively. In the present study, it was shown that testicular size measurement by using Prader orchidometer gives good correlation in different examiners' hands and it is an objective and reliable method in pediatric urological practice.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of pediatric testicular volume with Prader orchidometer: comparison of different hands

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We used the Lambert formula (0.71 Â length Â width Â depth) to calculate the testicular volume from ultrasound data, with volume values between 15 and 30 ml as reference. 27 Selected patients received testicular biopsy. We diagnosed testicular disease in the presence of isolated impaired spermatogenesis (serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone 48 U/l but normal luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels) or subclinical (compensated) hypogonadism (total serum testosterone concentration 43.1 ng/ml and luteinizing hormone X9.4 U/l) or hypogonadism (total serum testosterone concentration below 2.3 ng/ml, or between 2.3 and 3.5 ng/ml with free testosterone values p65 pg/ml).…”

Section: Clinical Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubulointerstitial nephritis is a dominant feature of hereditary apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis

Gregorini

Izzi

Ravani

et al. 2015

Kidney International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Apolipoprotein A-I is the main protein of high-density lipoprotein particles, and is encoded by the APOA1 gene. Several APOA1 mutations have been found, either affecting the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity, determining familial HDL deficiency, or resulting in amyloid formation with prevalent deposits in the kidney and liver. Evaluation of familial tubulointerstitial nephritis in patients with the Leu75Pro APOA-I amyloidosis mutation resulted in the identification of 253 carriers belonging to 50 families from Brescia, Italy. A total of 219 mutation carriers underwent clinical, laboratory, and instrumental tests. Of these, 62% had renal, hepatic, and testicular disease; 38% were asymptomatic. The disease showed an age-dependent penetrance. Tubulointerstitial nephritis was diagnosed in 49% of the carriers, 13% of whom progressed to kidney failure requiring dialysis. Hepatic involvement with elevation of cholestasis indices was diagnosed in 30% of the carriers, 38% of whom developed portal hypertension. Impaired spermatogenesis and hypogonadism was found in 68% of male carriers. The cholesterol levels were lower than normal in 80% of the mutation carriers. Thus, tubulointerstitial nephritis was highly prevalent in this large series of patients with Leu75Pro apoA-I amyloidosis. Persistent elevation of alkaline phosphatase, reduced HDL cholesterol plasma levels, and hypogonadism in men are key diagnostic features of this form of amyloidosis.

show abstract

“…Measurements of testicular length, width, and height were obtained by using electronic callipers. The figures obtained were then substituted into the formula of a prolate ellipsoid to estimate the testicular volume [Vol (ml) = 0.523 9 L 9 W 9 H] [9, [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between varicocele grade, vein reflux and testicular growth arrest

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of testicular hypotrophy (or testicular growth arrest) in pediatric patients with varicocele is the first indication for surgery. The aim of this study is to identify the correlation between grade of varicocele, grade of vein reflux and testicular growth arrest. Between 2000 and 2001, we recruited 226 patients affected by varicocele without testicular hypotrophy and with grades 2-3 spermatic vein reflux observed during Doppler velocimetry. Medical examinations carried out every 6 months allowed the assessment of varicocele grade, testicular volume, and grade of vein reflux. Other parameters considered in the study were: mean time of grade deterioration, mean time to onset of testicular growth arrest and the relationship between varicocele grade and testicular growth arrest. Deterioration of the condition was experienced in 92 patients (40%) in which 60 patients showed higher varicocele grades without testicular growth arrest, while 32 patients developed testicular growth arrest. There was a statistically significant relationship between testicular growth arrest and varicocele grades (grade 2 and 3) and between grade of reflux and testicular growth arrest. Although it is not possible to determine which patients will develop testicular growth arrest, the assessment of vein reflux allows the identification of those subjects who may potentially develop such a condition.

show abstract

Measurement of Testicular Volume: Comparison of 3 Different Methods

Abstract: To measure testicular size use of an ordinary ruler is recommended for clinical purposes because of its simplicity, availability and low cost.

Cited by 80 publications

References 7 publications

Measurement of pediatric testicular volume with Prader orchidometer: comparison of different hands

Measurement of pediatric testicular volume with Prader orchidometer: comparison of different hands

Tubulointerstitial nephritis is a dominant feature of hereditary apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis

Relationship between varicocele grade, vein reflux and testicular growth arrest

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About