Measurement of Superoxide Production in Acute Hypoxia by Fixed-Cell Microscopy

Hernansanz-Agustín, Pablo; Choya-Foces, Carmen; Martínez‐Ruiz, Antonio

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0896-8_3

Cited by 1 publication

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“…In this situation, the production of ROS is low, but measurable and is commonly assigned to CI, the outer ubiquinone-binding site of CIII (CIII o ) and OGDH [22][23][24] in the so-called forward electron transfer (FET) ( Figure 2A). This mode of ROS production can be exacerbated by ubiquinone-binding site inhibitors of CI, such as rotenone or piericidin A [25][26][27][28], or by inhibitors of the inner ubiquinone-binding site of CIII (CIII i ), such as antimicyn A [29,30]. On the other hand, to decrease this type of ROS production, especially after the application of the mentioned compounds, inhibitors of the flavin site of CI, such as diphenyleneiodonium (DPI; [31,32]), CIII o blockers, such as myxothiazol, stigmatellin, or mucidin [33], and OGDH inhibitors, such as succinyl phosphonate or 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate [24,34], can be applied.…”

Section: Modes Of Ros Production By Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Mitochondria

2021

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are series of chemical products originated from one or several electron reductions of oxygen. ROS are involved in physiology and disease and can also be both cause and consequence of many biological scenarios. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS in the cell and, particularly, the enzymes in the electron transport chain are the major contributors to this phenomenon. Here, we comprehensively review the modes by which ROS are produced by mitochondria at a molecular level of detail, discuss recent advances in the field involving signalling and disease, and the involvement of supercomplexes in these mechanisms. Given the importance of mitochondrial ROS, we also provide a schematic guide aimed to help in deciphering the mechanisms involved in their production in a variety of physiological and pathological settings.

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