Measurement of Strabismic Angle Using the Distance Krimsky Test

Joo, Kwang Sic; Koo, Hyun Mo; Moon, Nam Ju

doi:10.3341/kjo.2013.27.4.276

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Another study comparing the Krimsky test and the APCT showed that the ICC between both methods was 0.738 in exotropia cases and 0.651 in esotropia cases. Although the Krimsky test is also frequently used in the clinical setting, concordance between the Krimsky test and the APCT is reportedly not good [ 9 ]. Our study demonstrates the ICC between the APCT and VR is good-to-excellent (0.897) for all deviation types, and is even better in the esotropia subgroup (0.962).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To measure the amount of ocular deviation in strabismus patients with an eye-tracking virtual reality headset

et al. 2021

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Purpose To investigate the accuracy of a newly developed, eye-tracking virtual reality (VR)-based ocular deviation measurement system in strabismus patients. Methods A VR-based ocular deviation measurement system was designed to simulate the alternative prism cover test (APCT). A fixation target was made to alternate between two screens, one in front of each eye, to simulate the steps of a normal prism cover test. Patient’s eye movements were recorded by built-in eye tracking. The angle of ocular deviation was compared between the APCT and the VR-based system. Results This study included 38 patients with strabismus. The angle of ocular deviation measured by the VR-based system and the APCT showed good to excellent correlation (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.897 (range: 0.810–0.945)). The 95% limits of agreement was 11.32 PD. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference between esotropia and exotropia (p < 0.001). In the esotropia group, the amount of ocular deviation measured by the VR-based system was greater than that measured by the APCT (mean = 4.65 PD), while in the exotropia group, the amount of ocular deviation measured by the VR-based system was less than that of the APCT (mean = − 3.01 PD). The ICC was 0.962 (range: 0.902–0.986) in the esotropia group and 0.862 (range: 0.651–0.950) in the exotropia group. The 95% limits of agreement were 6.62 PD and 11.25 PD in the esotropia and exotropia groups, respectively. Conclusions This study reports the first application of a consumer-grade and commercial-grade VR-based device for assessing angle of ocular deviation in strabismus patients. This device could provide measurements with near excellent correlation with the APCT. The system also provides the first step to digitize the strabismus examination, as well as the possibility for its application in telemedicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To measure the amount of ocular deviation in strabismus patients with an eye-tracking virtual reality headset

et al. 2021

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“…Previous studies have reported similar correlation. Yang [ 18 ] showed strong correlation between APCT and Krimsky (r = 0.809), while Joo [ 22 ] showed moderately strong correlation between APCT and Krimsky in ET and XT(r = 0.738, 0.651) and very strong correlation between APCT and Distance Krimsky tests in ET and XT(r = 0.981, 0.919).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reliability of the angle of deviation measurement from the Photo-Hirschberg tests and Krimsky tests

et al. 2021

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Objective To compare the angle of deviation measured from Photo-Hirschberg testing and Krimsky testing, with that from an alternate prism cover test (APCT) in strabismus patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand. Thirty-three strabismus patients were photographed for analysis by Photo-Hirschberg testing using computer software. The corneal light reflex displacement, converted into prism diopter (PD), was compared to the angle of deviation measured with APCT. Twenty-eight strabismus patients were tested with the Krimsky test. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and paired t-tests. The study excluded 4 intermittent exotropia cases, 1 intermittent esotropia case and 2 which cases missing data for krimsky test. Results The mean±SD of the deviation angle, measured by APCT with a fixation target at 30 cm and 6 m; were 48.09±16.34PD and 47.82±15.73 PD, respectively. At 1 m, the difference in the angle of deviation measured from APCT and the Photo-Hirschberg test within 10 PD were 58.8% and 63.6%, for ET and XT, respectively. The difference in the angle of deviation measured from APCT and Krimsky tests within 10 PD in ET and XT were 86.7% and 80.0%, respectively. At 4 m, the difference in angle of deviation measured from APCT and Photo-Hirschberg tests within 10 PD in ET and XT were 58.8% and 54.5%, respectively; whereas, the difference in the angle of deviation measured from APCT and Krimsky tests within 10 PD in ET and XT were 80.0% and 70.0%, respectively. Conclusion The reliability of Krimsky test was better than Photo-Hirschberg test for measuring an angle of deviation.

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“…To achieve symmetrical corneal light reflections, place a prism in front of the eye that is being fixed. If it is placed in front of deviating eye, it is named prism reflection test (8) .…”

Section: Krimsky Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Last Guidelines Overview of Consecutive Esotropia Management: Review Article

Attia¹,

Basyoni²,

El-Marakby³

et al. 2021

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: Consecutive esotropia (ET) is persistent esodeviation for 24 weeks afterward bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLRR) for correcting exotropia (XT) with or without diplopia. Some patients may have limited eye movement; amblyopia and loss of binocularity can result. Early postoperative overcorrection has been recommended in surgical treatment of intermittent XT due to tendency towards postoperative exotropic drift. ET with small angles (within 15 PD) vanishes naturally over time, whereas bigger angles are more likely to be present at the start. Patients who have ET that has persisted for at least 24 weeks after BLRR and has been present for more than 15 postoperative days should have surgery. Objective: Hallmark the updated lines of management of consecutive esotropia. Conclusion: For the purpose of maintaining one MR muscle for a future intervention, several research have shown that ET can be performed consecutively after BLR recession by advancement of LR muscle previously recessed and MR muscle recession in the more deviating eye. Studies in recent years have sought to determine the effectiveness of the use of lateral rectus advancement in the treatment of consecutive ET.

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Measurement of Strabismic Angle Using the Distance Krimsky Test

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

To measure the amount of ocular deviation in strabismus patients with an eye-tracking virtual reality headset

To measure the amount of ocular deviation in strabismus patients with an eye-tracking virtual reality headset

The reliability of the angle of deviation measurement from the Photo-Hirschberg tests and Krimsky tests

Last Guidelines Overview of Consecutive Esotropia Management: Review Article

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