Measurement of soft tissue temperature and impedance following the application of transdermal direct current

Benjamin, Scott; Flood, John N.; Bechtel, Roy; Alon, Gad

doi:10.1016/j.physio.2006.11.008

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…it is estimated that the depth of the polar effects is up to 4 cm, given by the increase of skin impedance to unidirectional currents. Skin impedance would be dependent on treatment time (min) and current density (mA/cm 2 ) [9][10][11]. Literature suggests treatment times of 10-15 min for galvanic applications and current densities not greater than 0.2 mA/cm 2 for each electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ascending and descending direct current on grip strength assessed through dynamometry and myofeedback: a randomized controlled trial

Ortiz

Cancino²,

Goluboff

et al. 2020

Physiother Quart.

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IntroductionTo investigate effects of ascending and descending direct current (ADC and DDC) on muscle strength evaluated with dynamometry. Muscle strength values in kilograms were compared in 3 groups (ADC, DDC, and control) before and after galvanic electrical intervention.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was performed in the Physiotherapy Laboratory of Andrés Bello University among 83 healthy volunteers. The intervention was a direct current session at an intensity of 4 mA for 12 minutes with 48-cm2 electrodes (dose: 48 mA · min; current density: 0.04 mA/cm2). The difference between the groups was galvanic therapy type applied. Current application followed a hand dynamometric test and myofeedback evaluation. The main outcome was maximum strength difference (MSdif) and its corresponding value in microvolts (μV-MSdif) obtained with myofeedback.ResultsThere were statistically significant changes regarding MSdif in groups who received direct current (p = 0.0001). These variations were also seen when comparing the 3 groups with the consideration of men (p = 0.0012) and women (p = 0.0021) separately. No statistically significant changes were observed in the μV-MSdif values (p = 0.9409).ConclusionsADC can generate variations in grip strength after an intervention session, with an increase in strength of 8.9%. The increase in strength was observed both in men (6.7%) and in women (9%) of the ADC group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ascending and descending direct current on grip strength assessed through dynamometry and myofeedback: a randomized controlled trial

Ortiz

Cancino²,

Goluboff

et al. 2020

Physiother Quart.

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“…Human skin acts as a major obstacle to electrical current passage by ac cumulating electrical charges and increasing resistance. dC depth in cutaneous applications is up to 4 cm, given the im pedance increase of skin to unidirectional currents, but this depends on treatment time (minutes) and current density (mA/cm 2 ) [5][6][7]. The minimum and maximum recommended density for dC is 0.05 mA/cm 2 and 1 mA/cm 2 , respectively, with 10-15minute treatment times and current densities not greater than 0.2 mA/cm 2 for electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimum and maximum recommended density for dC is 0.05 mA/cm 2 and 1 mA/cm 2 , respectively, with 10-15minute treatment times and current densities not greater than 0.2 mA/cm 2 for electrodes. This recommenda tion is based on potential adverse effects that can generate electrochemical alkaline or acid burns [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of percutaneous microelectrolysis and ultrasound in the decrease of pain in myofascial trigger points: evaluation through algometry and visual analog scale

et al. 2020

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Introduction. Percutaneous electrotherapy is a therapeutic alternative in musculoskeletal conditions. Percutaneous micro electrolysis (MEP) stands out as treatment for tendinopathies and musculoskeletal pain, such as myofascial trigger points (MTrPs), although more studies are needed to support it. The study aimed to investigate MEP effectiveness in reducing pain pressure threshold (PPT) and pain intensity (Pi) in MTrPs. Methods. A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed at Physiotherapy Laboratory of Andrés Bello University and in volved 48 volunteers with MTrPs in upper trapezius muscle, randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Both groups received baseline ultrasound treatment. in the experimental group, MEP intervention was applied with 3 reevaluation sessions (on days 1, 3, and 7). direct current was delivered with an acupuncture needle directly to MTrPs, and PPT and Pi were reevaluated before and after the application. The main outcomes were PPT and Pi differences (PPTdiff and Pidiff) between evaluation sessions. Results. TMEP implied positive changes, increasing PPT (PPTdiff11, p = 0.0000; PPTdiff21, p = 0.0000; PPTdiff31, p = 0.0000) and decreasing Pi (Pidiff11, p = 0.0001; Pidiff21, p = 0.0001; Pidiff31, p = 0.0008) in the experimental group. Significant differ ences were observed in PPT in the second reevaluation session compared with the control group (PPTdiff21, p = 0.0032). Conclusions. MEP is a good analgesic treatment for MTrPs compared with therapeutic ultrasound, although neither of these therapies seems to be better than the other in a long term. They improve PPT and Pi, so MEP can be considered effective alter native treatment for MTrPs pain.

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“…On the other hand, inhibitory effects would occur under the anode (Anodic effects), and would consist of hyperpolarization of the excitable membranes and activation of the AChE at the level of the motor plate 2 . The polar effects would occur to a depth of 4 to 5cm, what would be sustained in the decrease of the impedance of the skin generated by the DC, and that it would be dependent on the application time (min) and the current density under the electrode (mA/cm 2 ) [13][14][15] . Based on this idea, neuromuscular activation or inhibition could be generated by changes in excitability of the motor plate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efectos del cátodo y del ánodo de la corriente directa en los cambios de fuerza de prensión palmar: valoración a través de dinamometría

Ortiz

Opazo

Poblete³

et al. 2018

Fisioter. Pesqui.

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RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar los efectos polares de la corriente directa sobre la fuerza muscular, evaluada con dinamómetro manual. Los valores de la fuerza muscular en kilogramos fueron comparados antes y después del procedimiento en 3 grupos (Anodo, Catodo y Control). El diseño es Ensayo Clínico Aleatorio controlado. La investigación se realizó el Laboratorio de Fisioterapia de la Universidad Andrés Bello (Escuela de Kinesiología Santiago). El estudio se llevó a cabo con ciento cincuenta participantes voluntarios sanos. La intervención consistió en la aplicación de una sesión de corriente directa a una intensidad de 2mA por 12 minutos con un electrodo de 48cm2 (dosis 24mA.min y densidad de corriente 0,04mA/cm2). La diferencia entre los grupos radicaba en la estimulación con el cátodo o ánodo. La aplicación de la corriente se realizaba luego de la evaluación dinamométrica inicial. Cómo outcome principal se estimó la diferencia de Fuerza Máxima de prensión palmar (Kg). Esta se obtuvo de la diferencia del mejor valor de fuerza máxima pre intervención con el mejor valor de fuerza máxima post intervención. Los resultados indican que no existen cambios estadísticamente significativos en los grupos intervenidos (p valor = 0,88) al comparar las diferencias de fuerzas máximas (FMdif). Sin embargo, se aprecia una mínima mejora de la fuerza al comparar los grupos sólo considerando hombres del grupo cátodo (p valor = 0,94, y leve disminución al comparar sólo para mujeres del grupo ánodo (p valor = 0,91).Cómo conclusión se destaca que aparentemente la corriente directa no generaría mayores cambios en la fuerza de prensión manual luego de una sesión de intervención sobre el antebrazo. Sin embargo, existen variaciones positivas de fuerza en hombres del grupo cátodo y negativas mujeres del grupo ánodo al analizarlos independientemente, aunque estas modificaciones no resultan estadísticamente significativas.

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Measurement of soft tissue temperature and impedance following the application of transdermal direct current

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Effects of ascending and descending direct current on grip strength assessed through dynamometry and myofeedback: a randomized controlled trial

Effects of ascending and descending direct current on grip strength assessed through dynamometry and myofeedback: a randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness of percutaneous microelectrolysis and ultrasound in the decrease of pain in myofascial trigger points: evaluation through algometry and visual analog scale

Efectos del cátodo y del ánodo de la corriente directa en los cambios de fuerza de prensión palmar: valoración a través de dinamometría

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