Measurement of serum prostate-specific membrane antigen, a new prognostic marker for prostate cancer

Murphy, Gerald P.; Kenny, Gerald M.; Ragde, Haakon; Wolfert, Robert L.; Boynton, Alton L.; Holmes, Eric H.; Misrock, S. Leslie; Bartsch, Georg; Klocker, Helmut; Pointner, J.; Reissigl, Andreas; McLeod, David G.; Douglas, Thomas H.; Morgan, Ted O.; Gilbaugh, James H.

doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00082-x

Cited by 54 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…PSMA has been detected in prostate tissues using IHC and Western analysis, in circulating prostate cancer cells by reverse transcription-PCR, and in serum using ELISA assays. One study using Western analysis demonstrated that in postprostatectomy patients, PSMA values are elevated in hormone-refractory tumors, suggesting that PSMA levels may correspond with poor clinical outcome (85). In another study (92), PSMA serum levels were found to increase with age and were significantly elevated in men over 50 years of age.…”

Section: Candidate Markersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Detection of Prostate Cancer and Predicting Progression

Tricoli

Schoenfeldt

Conley

2004

Clinical Cancer Research

152

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carcinoma of the prostate is the second leading cause of male cancer-related death in the United States. Better indicators of prostate cancer presence and progression are needed to avoid unnecessary treatment, predict disease course, and develop more effective therapy. Numerous molecular markers have been described in human serum, urine, seminal fluid, and histological specimens that exhibit varying capacities to detect prostate cancer and predict disease course. However, to date, few of these markers have been adequately validated for clinical use. The purpose of this review is to examine the current status of these markers in prostate cancer and to assess the diagnostic potential for future markers from identified genes and molecules that display loss, mutation, or alteration in expression between tumor and normal prostate tissues. In this review we cite 91 molecular markers that display some level of correlation with prostate cancer presence, disease progression, cancer recurrence, prediction of response to therapy, and/or disease-free survival. We suggest criteria to consider when selecting a marker for further development as a clinical tool and discuss five examples of markers (chromogranin A, glutathione S-transferase 1, prostate stem cell antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, and telomerase reverse transcriptase) that fulfill some of these criteria. Finally, we discuss how to conduct evaluations of candidate prostate cancer markers and some of the issues involved in the validation process.

show abstract

Section: Candidate Markersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Detection of Prostate Cancer and Predicting Progression

Tricoli

Schoenfeldt

Conley

2004

Clinical Cancer Research

152

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The analysis of in vivo distribution and the biological function of PSMA led to identify the protein not only in prostate (4,5) but also in several other tissues, where PSMA acts as a glutamate carboxypeptidase on different alternative substrates (6,7). Although the function of PSMA in prostate has not been clarified yet, its expression is enhanced in higher grade cancers, metastatic disease, and hormone-refractory prostate carcinomas (8,9). Moreover, PSMA is present at the surface of endothelial cells found in tumors of different histotype but absent from normal endothelial cells (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apical Transport and Folding of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Occurs Independent of Glycan Processing

Castelletti¹,

Fracasso

Alfalah³

et al. 2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an integral cellsurface membrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in prostate carcinomas rendering it an appropriate target for antibody-based therapeutic strategies. The biosynthesis of PSMA in transfected COS-1 cells reveals a slow conversion of mannose-rich to complex glycosylated PSMA compatible with slow transport kinetics from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. Importantly, mannose-rich PSMA persists as a trypsin-sensitive protein throughout its entire life cycle, and only Golgi-located PSMA glycoforms acquire trypsin resistance. This resistance, used here as a tool to examine correct folding, does not depend on the type of glycosylation, because different PSMA glycoforms generated in the presence of inhibitors of carbohydrate processing in the Golgi are also trypsin resistant. The conformational transition of PSMA to a correctly folded molecule is likely to occur in the Golgi and does not implicate ER molecular chaperones, such as BiP. We show here that PSMA is not only heavily N-but also O-glycosylated. The question arising is whether glycans, which do not play a role in folding of PSMA, are implicated in its transport to the cell surface. Neither the cell-surface expression of PSMA nor its efficient apical sorting in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells are influenced by modulators of N-and O-glycosylation. The acquisition of folding determinants in the Golgi, therefore, is an essential prerequisite for protein trafficking and sorting of PSMA and suggests that altered or aberrant glycosylation often occurring during tumorigenesis has no regulatory effect on the cell-surface expression of PSMA.

show abstract

“…Determinations of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PMSA) and human glandular kallikrein (hK2) in blood samples from our ongoing IAS trial are in progress, in cooperation with other groups. Newly developed sandwich assays for both PSMA and hK2 will allow for the evaluation of these independent and reportedly more tumorspecific markers in prostate cancer patients during different treatment modalities [33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%