Measurement of root diameter in field-grown crops under a microscope without washing

Yamaguchi, Junichi

doi:10.1080/00380768.2002.10409248

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The presence of fungi on the root surface has previously been observed by SEM imaging of Arabidopsis roots [ 43 ]. The diameter of the root hairs was measured in the HIM micrographs to about 8–18μm which is consistent with the reported diameter of root hair for maize [ 44 , 45 ]. Moreover, according to HIM images of roots fragments it seems that the applied sterilization treatments had not a negative impact on the root hair development ( Fig 12A–12G ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

High resolution microscopy to evaluate the efficiency of surface sterilization of Zea Mays seeds

et al. 2020

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Surface sterilization of seeds is a key step in providing microorganisms-free seeds for numerous applications like understanding the role of seed-borne microorganisms in plant development, studying microbial cells-plant interactions by inoculating model microorganisms in a simplified system or selective cultivation of seed endobionts. However applying efficient treatment for surface sterilization of seeds without affecting the plant growth is not an easy task. In this study we aimed to provide an efficient surface sterilization treatment for maize seeds using i) hydrogen peroxide (HP), ii) sodium hypochlorite (SH) and iii) ethanol-sodium hypochlorite (EtOH-SH) under stirring (st) and vacuum-stirring (va-st) conditions. We used fluorescence microscopy and ultra-high resolution Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM) as powerful imaging approaches in combination with macroscopic techniques to visualize, quantify and evaluate the efficiency of seed sterilization, quality of root germination, seedlings and root hair development as well as the presence or absence of microorganisms on the root surface. Our results showed a strong reduction in microbial cell numbers of 4 orders of magnitude after the EtOH-SH treatments. Moreover, seeds exposed to EtOH-SH treatments displayed the lowest percentage of microbial growth (50%) and the highest percentage of germinated seeds (100%) compared to other sterilization treatments. HIM imaging proved the absence of microbial cells on the roots grown from seeds exposed to EtOH-SH treatments. Moreover, root hair development seemed not to be affected by any of the sterilization treatments. Our findings demonstrated that EtOH-SH treatments are significantly reducing the abundance of microbial cells from the surface of maize seeds and can be used with high confidence in future studies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

High resolution microscopy to evaluate the efficiency of surface sterilization of Zea Mays seeds

et al. 2020

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“…Potato plants are generally considered to be drought-sensitive (Weisz et al 1994) and to have inefficient phosphorus (P) uptake due to sparse root hairs and relatively shallow root systems (Yamaguchi 2002). Maximum potato yield can only be achieved when sufficient P and water are supplied through fertilization and irrigation (Balemi 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate abiotic stresses in potato plants caused by low phosphorus and deficit irrigation/partial root-zone drying

et al. 2018

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Deficit irrigation (DI) improves water use efficiency (WUE), but the reduced water input often limits plant growth and nutrient uptake. The current study examined whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could alleviate abiotic stress caused by low phosphorus (P) fertilization and DI.A greenhouse experiment was conducted with potato grown with (P1) or without (P0) P fertilization, with AMF (M1+:Rhizophagus irregularisor M2+:Glomus proliferum) or AMF-free control (M−) and subjected to full irrigation (FI), DI or partial root-zone drying (PRD).Inoculation of M1+ and M2+ maintained or improved plant growth and P/nitrogen (N) uptake when subjected to DI/PRD and P0. However, the positive responses to AMF varied with P level and irrigation regime. Functional differences were found in ability of AMF species alleviating plant stress. The largest positive plant biomass response to M1+ and M2+ was found under FI, both at P1 and P0 (25% increase), while plant biomass response to M1+ and M2+ under DI/PRD (14% increase) was significantly smaller. The large growth response to AMF inoculation, particularly under FI, may relate to greater photosynthetic capacity and leaf area, probably caused by stimulation of plant P/N uptake and carbon partitioning toward roots and tubers. However, plant growth response to AMF was not related to the percentage of AMF root colonization. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can maintain and improve P/N uptake, WUE and growth of plants both at high/low P levels and under FI/DI. If this is also the case under field conditions, it should be implemented for sustainable potato production.

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“…The higher fungal diversity in cereals, compared with potato, may be related to their more differentiated root structure 61 or phylogenetic effects 62 . Cereals have strong fibrous root systems, which branch throughout the life of the plant 63 – 65 , whereas the potato root system is considered shallow and sparse 66 . Furthermore, wheat plants exhibit a higher total volume of roots, compared to potato 67 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising the effect of crop species and fertilisation treatment on root fungal communities

Soonvald

Loit

Runno-Paurson

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Information about the root mycobiome may improve the overall quality of the plants and contribute to a valuable strategy to enhance sustainable agriculture. Therefore, we assessed differences in fungal community diversity and composition in the roots of potato, wheat and barley grown under mineral nitrogen fertilisation at five rates, with and without farmyard manure amendment. The same factorial combination of treatments has been used since 1989. Species richness and diversity, as well as community composition, of different fungal guilds were characterised using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the ITS2 region. Crop species was the main factor determining overall fungal richness and diversity, with wheat showing the highest, and potato the lowest, richness and diversity. Pathogen diversity indices were highest in wheat plots amended with farmyard manure, whereas the lowest values were observed for potato roots. Fertilisation treatments and the interaction between crop species and fertilisation had the strongest impact on arbuscular mycorrhiza and saprotroph diversity. Crop species also determined the composition of the overall fungal community and that of fungal guilds, whereas fertilisation treatment had only a minor effect. This study highlights crop species as the main driver in shaping root fungal diversity and composition under the same environmental conditions.

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Measurement of root diameter in field-grown crops under a microscope without washing

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

High resolution microscopy to evaluate the efficiency of surface sterilization of Zea Mays seeds

High resolution microscopy to evaluate the efficiency of surface sterilization of Zea Mays seeds

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate abiotic stresses in potato plants caused by low phosphorus and deficit irrigation/partial root-zone drying

Characterising the effect of crop species and fertilisation treatment on root fungal communities

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